Stapler

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A standard office stapler

A stapler is a mechanical device that joins together sheets of paper or other similar materials by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and folding over the ends to secure the paper. Staplers are widely used in government and business offices and schools.

Stanley Bostitch Stapler

1 History
2 Methods
3 Surgical use
4 See also
5 References
6 External links

[edit] History

The first stapler was handmade in the 18th century in France for King Louis XV of France. Each staple was inscribed with the insignia of the royal court, as required.^[1] The growing uses of paper in the 19th century created a demand for an efficient paper fastener.^[2] On August 7, 1866, the Novelty Paper Fastener was patented by the Patent Novelty Mfg Co. It allowed a single staple to be loaded and was used to mainly bind papers or books, but also carpet, furniture or boxes. Staples for the fastener were manufactured by the P.N. Mfg Co. in several sizes: 3/16 inches, ¼ inches, 3/8 inches, and ½ inches.

In 1866, George W. McGill was awarded U.S. patent no. 56,587 for a small, bendable brass paper fastener which was the precursor to the modern staple. In 1867, he received U.S. patent no. 67,665 for a press to insert the fastener into paper. He showed his invention at the 1867 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and continued to work on these and other various paper fasteners through the 1880s. In 1868 a patent was also taken out for a stapler in England by C.H. Gould. On February 18, 1879, patent nº 212,316 was given for the McGill Single-Stroke Staple Press. This device weighed over two and a half pounds and was able to load a single 1/2 inch wide wire staple at a time and drive it through several sheets of paper.

In the late 1800s and early 1900s, several devices were developed and patented that punched paper and or folded paper to fix sheets together without a physical clip. One early example is the Clipless Stand Machine (made in Newton, Iowa) that was sold from the 1880s into the 1920s. It created a tongue in the paper that was folded back around to hold the paper together. Bump's New Model Paper Fastener was competing technology that worked on a similar cutting and weaving technology.

[edit] Methods

[edit] Permanent fastening

This method is used for permanently binding items by driving the staple through and bending over the staple inwards to clinch it. Most modern staplers have a metal attachment that can be rotated to choose between inward stapling and outward stapling (in reference to the way the staple is folded). Clinches can be standard, squiggled, flat, or rounded with completely adjacent to the paper in order to stack documents more neatly.

A staple remover is a device that can remove staples fastened in this manner, by using a pair of interlocking curved claws that slide under the staple's bent-over ends and bend them back out.

[edit] Tacking

Tacking is used for fastening objects to bulletin boards or walls. In order to use a stapler for tacking, the base hinge must allow the base to be folded out of the way so that staples can be driven directly into an object without use of the anvil. Heavy-duty tacking with larger staples, as in the case of affixing posters to a utility pole or wooden fence, is done using a staple gun.

[edit] Pinning

Pinning is used to temporarily bind documents or other items, often cloth or clothing, for sewing. In order to pin using a stapler, the anvil must be shifted so that the staple bends outwards instead of inwards. The staple binds the item with relative security, but can be easily removed by pulling the staple along the plane of the paper. This method varies between staplers, as some anvils need to be simply pushed forward to allow pinning, while others must be rotated. Some staplers implement pinning by bending one leg of the staple inwards, while bending the other outwards. Some modern staplers do not even include support for pinning.

[edit] Saddle stapling

Saddle staplers have an inverted "V"-shaped saddle for stapling pre-fold sheets to make booklets.

[edit] Surgical use

Surgical staplers are used as substitutes for sutures. These do not resemble standard staplers as they have no "jaw" or plate to bend the staple into shape. They may be used to close the skin, or during surgical anastomosis. Surgical staples are commonly preshaped into a "M". Pressing the stapler into the skin and applying pressure onto the handle bends the staple through the skin and into the fascia until the two ends almost meet in the middle forming a rectangle.

Staplers are commonly used intra-operatively during bowel resections in colorectal surgery. Often these staplers have an integral knife, so as the staples are deployed the knife cuts through the bowel, maintaining the aseptic field within the abdominal cavity. The staples, made from surgical steel, are typically supplied in disposable, pre-filled, pre-sterilized cartridges.