St Paul's School (London)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| St Paul's School | |
 |
|
| Motto | Fide Et Literis (Latin: By Faith and By Learning) |
| Established | 1509 |
| Type | Independent School |
| High Master | Dr George Martin Stephen |
| Chairman of the Governors | Sir Alexander Graham GBE DCL |
| Founder | John Colet |
| Location | Lonsdale Road Barnes London SW13 9JT  England |
| LEA | Richmond upon Thames |
| Staff | c.110 |
| Students | c.800 |
| Gender | Boys |
| Ages | 13 to 18 |
| Houses | A – H |
| School colours | Black and White |
| Former pupils | Old Paulines |
| Website | stpaulsschool.org.uk |
| Coordinates: | |
St Paul's School is a boys' independent school, founded in 1509 by John Colet. It was one of the original nine English public schools as defined by the Public Schools Act 1868, originally located in the City of London. Since 1881 St Paul's has had its own preparatory school, Colet Court, and from 1887, under the direction of a new headmaster, it expanded rapidly.
It is now located on a large site in the London suburb of Barnes and is one of the top academic schools in the country, as measured by its position in the national league tables of GCSE and A level performance, as well as being among the top schools with respect to the arts and sport.[1] There are currently plans to rebuild and expand the school, as the current buildings have reached the end of their lifespan.
Contents |
[edit] History
St Paul's School originally takes its name from St Paul's Cathedral in London, even though a cathedral school had existed since around 1103. By the sixteenth century however, it had declined, and while a cathedral school still exists for the education of the cathedral choristers, it is has no connection with the public school. In 1509, a new school was founded by John Colet, Dean of St Paul's Cathedral, on a plot of land to the north of the Cathedral.
The eldest son of Sir Henry Colet, a member of the Mercers' Company and twice Lord Mayor of the City of London, he inherited a substantial fortune and used a great part of it for the endowment of his school, having no family of his own; his 21 siblings all died in childhood and he was a celibate priest. He described himself in the statutes of the school as "desyring nothing more thanne Educacion and bringing upp chyldren in good Maners and litterature."[2]
Originally, the school provided education for 153 children of "all nacions [sic] and countries indifferently", primarily in literature and etiquette. The number 153 has long been associated with the miracle of the draught of fishes recorded in St John's Gospel, and for several generations Foundation Scholars have been given the option of wearing an emblem of a silver fish. St Paul's was the largest school in England at its foundation, and its High Master had a salary of 13 shillings and sixpence weekly, which was double that of the contemporary Head Master of Eton College. The scholars were not required to make any payment, although they were required to be literate and had to pay for their own wax candles, which at that time were an expensive commodity.
Colet was an outspoken critic of the powerful and worldly Church of his day, a friend of Erasmus and Sir Thomas More. Erasmus wrote textbooks for the school and St Paul's was the first English school to teach Greek, reflecting the humanist interests of the founder. Colet distrusted the Church as a managing body for his school, declaring that he "found the least corruption" in married laymen. For this reason, Colet assigned the management of the School and its revenues to the Mercers' Company, the premier livery company in the City of London, with which his father had been associated. In 1876 the company were legally established as trustees of the Colet estate and the management of the school was assigned to a Board of Governors consisting of the Master, Wardens and nine members of the company, together with three representatives each of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and London. The Mercers' Company still forms the major part of the School's governing body, and it continues to administer Colet's trust.
One of St Paul's early headmasters was Richard Mulcaster, famous for writing two influential treatises on education (Positions, in 1581,[3] and Elementarie in 1582). His description in Positions of "footeball" as a refereed team sport is the earliest reference to organised modern football. For this description and his enthusiasm for the sport he is considered the father of modern football.
Between 1861 and 1864, the Clarendon Commission (a Royal Commission) investigated the public school system in England and its report formed the basis of the Public Schools Act 1868. St Paul's was one of only nine schools considered by the Clarendon Commission, and one of only two schools which was not predominantly attended by boarders (the other day school was Merchant Taylors').
According to Charles Dickens, Jr, writing in 1879[4]
St Paul’s School (founded 1512 by John Colet, DD, Dean of St Paul’s), St Paul’s-churchyard — There are 153 scholars on the foundation, who are entitled to entire exemption from school fees. Vacancies are filled up at the commencement of each term according to the results of a competitive examination. Candidates must be between 12 and 14 years of age. Capitation scholars pay £20 a year. The governors of this school are appointed by the Mercers' Company and the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and London. The school exhibitions are determined as to number and value by the governors from time to time, and the school prizes are of considerable importance. The following are the university exhibitions. To the University of Cambridge there are the following exhibitions: Five exhibitions at Trinity, founded by Mr Perry in 1696, of the value of £10 a year; two exhibitions at St John’s, founded by Dr Gower in 1711, of the value of £10 a year, for the sons of clergymen. An exhibition, founded by Mr Stock in 1780 at Corpus Christi, of the yearly value of £30, given to a scholar recommended by the high master. Four exhibitions, in the same college, value £10 a year each, founded by Mr George Sykes in 1766, consolidated now in one exhibition, value £36 a year.
Between 1886 and 1895, St Paul's boys won 173 entrance awards at Oxford and Cambridge, which was 26 more than any other school. Over many years its record of Open Awards at Oxford and Cambridge in all subjects has been equal, or superior, to that of any other school of comparable size.
[edit] School coat of arms
Like many ancient educational foundations, St Paul's School traditionally used the arms of its founder, John Colet. His arms were Sable on a chevron Argent between three Hinds trippant Argent three Annulets Sable, and they were originally used by his great-grandfather, Richard Colet. As Dean of St Paul's, he was entitled to impale them with the arms of the Deanery, and the school has often used them in this form also. In 2002, the school obtained its own grant of arms from the College of Arms consisting of the arms of Dean Colet surrounded by a gold bordure, upon which the crossed swords of the Dean of St Paul's are repeated.
[edit] Apposition
Apposition has been held annually at St Paul's since it was founded in 1509 and was originally a way of allowing the Mercers Company to assess teaching staff and the High Master, with the option of dismissing or reappointing them.
Consequences of apposition have led to the dismissal of previous High Masters including Thomas Freeman, for lack of learning (although more probably for holding the incorrect religious views) in 1559. In 1748, High Master Charles was removed as he had allegedly threatened to "pull the Surmaster by the nose and kick him about the school."
Today, the ceremony takes place in May and is purely ceremonial, incorporating prize giving for boys in the final two years.
[edit] Buildings
The original school, which stood in St Paul's Churchyard, was destroyed with the Cathedral in the Great Fire of London in 1666.[5] The school was twice rebuilt, first in 1670, and again in Cheapside in 1822; but towards the end of the 19th century, as London expanded and residents moved away from the City of London and its environs, it was decided that the school should move to larger premises.
In 1884 a new building designed by the architect Alfred Waterhouse rose to dominate the countryside of Hammersmith. The terracotta for the Hammersmith school was made by the famous Gibbs and Canning Limited of Tamworth. At this time the street numbering was changed locally and so the school address, whether by accident or design, became 153 Hammersmith Road. The preparatory school, Colet Court, was soon afterwards housed in new premises in a similar style on the opposite side of the road.
In September 1939 the school was evacuated to Easthampstead Park, near Crowthorne in Berkshire, where, under the then High Master, W. F. Oakeshott, it became solely a boarding school for the period of the war. Playing fields and some other facilities were borrowed from nearby Wellington College, but the boys and the teachers from the two schools remained entirely separate.
In the meantime, the London buildings became the headquarters of XXI Army Group under the command of General, later Field-Marshal, Bernard Montgomery, himself an Old Pauline. There the military side of the invasion of Europe was planned, including the D-Day landings.[6] The map that he used is still present in the modern day site of the school in the Montgomery Room. The school recovered its buildings in September 1945, and resumed life essentially as a day school, although it retains a small number of boarders to this day.
By 1961 it had become evident that the old school buildings were unsuited to modern educational needs. By good fortune, the opportunity then came to rebuild the School on a 45 acre (182,000 m²) riverside site at Barnes, adjacent to Hammersmith Bridge. This land had previously been the site of reservoirs which were filled in, reputedly with earth excavated during the construction of the Victoria Line. The sports pitches took a long time to settle, and competitive matches were not played regularly at the Barnes site until summer 1979.
The present and fifth School buildings were opened in September 1968. The new site also includes St Paul's Preparatory School, or Colet Court, whose pupils account for roughly one half of the senior school's intake each year. The Waterhouse building on Hammersmith Road was demolished amid protests to allow building of flats, apart from the gates and the peripheral walls, the High Master's House, and a toolhut, though the Colet Court building also survives.
The 1968 buildings include a 25m swimming pool and dining hall shared with Colet Court. Extensive sports facilities notably included a fencing salle, five fives courts and two squash courts. The location next to the River Thames meant that a rowing boathouse was included in the plans, which itself included both an indoor training tank and housing to accommodate a boatman, whose primary job was to build and maintain the boats. A striking and deliberate omission from the new buildings was any provision for a school hall capable of holding all masters and boys simultaneously, and although the main sports hall is large enough to accommodate the entire school, the difficulty in setting up enough chairs means that the hall is used to house the entire school only twice per year. There were originally two boarding houses in the 1968 buildings (School House and High House) accommodating up to 120 boarders, but the number of boarders has steadily declined since then and is now only 20. One of the boarding houses has been demolished to make way for a new music building, which houses the Wathen Hall. The only building which remained from the previous Water Board landowners became the music department for Colet Court.
The original buildings were built using a modular system of interlocking concrete slabs. This allowed for relatively quick and cheap construction, and allowed for the fact that much of the site was formed from reservoir land which was still settling. The whole complex is now in need of replacement; the only existing buildings likely to remain are the Music school, incorporating the Wathen Hall from 1999 and the Rackets Court.
[edit] Associated schools
By the end of the nineteenth century the funds of the Dean Colet Foundation had increased to such an extent that the Trustees decided to build a school for girls, and in 1904, St Paul's Girls' School was opened in Brook Green, Hammersmith, just around the corner from the then site of the boys' school in Hammersmith Road. Unlike the boys', the girls' school remains in its original position, although it has expanded and constructed new buildings and facilities alongside the old. During the past 100 years the School has earned a reputation which today places it foremost among girls' schools in the country. In 1881, a boys' preparatory school was founded which later became Colet Court. Colet Court is now on the same site as the main school and most of its pupils are expected to pass into St Paul's School when they reach the age of 13. It thus serves as a junior school for the main establishment.
[edit] Present day
The boys' school numbered 846 boys in 2005, the 496th year of its foundation. Approaching its 500th anniversary an ambitious total rebuilding of the school at its present site is planned, to be completed over a 25 year period. The current High Master, George Martin Stephen, announced an aspiration for the school to be needs-blind within 25 years – £250 million will need to be raised to accomplish this.
The school day lasts from 8.35a.m. to 4.15p.m. and consists of 8 periods, including a one and three-quarter hour lunch break during which pupils are encouraged to participate in sporting or extracurricular activities such as music, debating or computing. Pupils of all ages are not allowed to leave the school premises without permission at any time during the day.
The school still maintains a limited boarding facility for the use of some twenty boys. There are strong boarding house traditions including the annual bonfire and two hours of compulsory study known as "prep" every evening. Newer traditions include the sponsored all night five-a-side football tournament, a "charity sponging" event and the 4-2-1 football league tournament.
A large number of music concerts, art exhibitions and plays take place each year, and pupils regularly receive national recognition for their achievements. The school also has a strong sports department; St Paul's was a founding member of the Rugby Football Union in 1871 and was pre-eminent in public school boxing, its first team failing to win only two boxing matches against first team boxers from other schools over a period of 25 years; however, boxing was discontinued as a school sport in the 1960s. More recently, the school teams were runners-up in the rugby U15 Daily Mail Cup in 2005, and in 2007 the Boat Club has twice won the Princess Elizabeth Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta.
[edit] Old Pauline Club
The majority of former pupils keep in touch with each other through the Old Pauline Club. Various sporting clubs are affiliated to the Old Pauline Club, such as the Old Pauline Football Club (OPFC), the Old Pauline Association Football Club (OPAFC), the Old Pauline Cricket Club (OPCC), the Old Pauline Association Club (OPAC) and the Old Pauline Harvey Chess Society (OPHCS), who participate in many national tournaments with moderate success. The club is based in Thames Ditton and owns a number of sports pitches there, as well as the Colets' Health and Fitness Club.
[edit] Examination results
In 2005, St Paul's obtained (for the second year running) the best overall placing in the boys' school GCSE exam league tables published nationally, and was also the leading boys' school in the A level results tables. 60 of its leavers went to Oxford or Cambridge, which was also the highest proportion achieved by any boys' school in the country.
In 2007, the 2005 record was matched again, with 62 leavers receiving offers from Oxford and Cambridge.[7] At A level, 97.8% of the grades were A or B, and, out of a year group of 163 A level candidates, 116 achieved straight A's in between 3 and 6 A level subjects. Also in 2007, at GCSE level, 79.3% of grades were A*, and 96.6% were A* or A. No grade in any GCSE subject was lower than B. Out of a GCSE year group of 177, 45 achieved A* grades in all their GCSE subjects and a further 29 achieved A* grades in all but one subject.[8]
In 2008, for the fist time, its students will be sitting the IGCSE exam instead of GCSE in Science, following sitting IGCSE in Mathematics the previous year. The school does not currently offer the International Baccalaureate as an alternative to A level, and has suffered on many league tables as a result. Stephen, High Master of St Paul's, has stated he believes that "league tables put massive pressure on headmasters to do bad things"[9] and has announced that St Paul's will be joining other private schools in London in withdrawing from the ISC's 2008 league tables.[10]
[edit] Masterplan
The masterplan is the current plan to rebuild the entire site of the school, to be started within the next few years (as of 2007). The school has stated that the rebuild should not change the nature of the school (for example, not dramatically changing the number of students attending) and should just improve the current available facilities.
The majority of the current buildings date from the 1960s, and the CLASP construction technology used has a limited life span. Even though over the last few years various buildings (such as the new music school) have been added on the campus wherever space was available, the dated buildings currently represent approximately three quarters of the school.
Local planning restrictions combined with a lack of available surplus land mean that St Paul's is faced with progressively replacing obsolete buildings with new ones located in the same general area. The plan should eventually result in a large building footprint area increase as well as increasing the amount of staff housing. The number of car parking spaces will be reduced, but there will be much more available room for bicycles. Plans to redevelop the site are now well advanced; Nicholas Hare Architects LLP have been appointed to produce detailed designs for the first set of new buildings.[11]
[edit] High Masters of St Paul's School
The headmaster of St Paul's is known as the High Master and his deputy is known as the Surmaster, which is also the title given to him in the statutes. The following have been High Masters of St Paul's School:
| Name | Years as High Master |
|---|---|
| William Lily | 1509-1522 |
| John Ritwise | 1522-1532 |
| Richard Jones | 1532-1549 |
| Thomas Freeman | 1549-1559 |
| John Cook | 1559-1573 |
| William Malym | 1573-1581 |
| John Harrison | 1581-1596 |
| Richard Mulcaster | 1596-1608 |
| Alexander Gill Senior | 1608-1635 |
| Alexander Gill Junior | 1635-1640 |
| John Langley | 1640-1657 |
| Samuel Cromleholme | 1657-1672 |
| Thomas Gale | 1672-1697 |
| John Postlethwayt | 1697-1713 |
| Philip Ayscough | 1713-1721 |
| Benjamin Morland | 1721-1733 |
| Timothy Crumpe | 1733-1737 |
| George Charles | 1737-1748 |
| George Thicknesse | 1748-1769 |
| Richard Roberts | 1769-1814 |
| John Sleath | 1814-1837 |
| Herbert Kynaston | 1838-1876 |
| Frederick William Walker | 1877-1905 |
| Albert Ernest Hillard | 1905-1927 |
| John Bell | 1927-1938 |
| Walter Fraser Oakeshott | 1938-1946 |
| Robert Leoline James | 1946-1953 |
| Antony Newcombe Gilkes | 1953-1962 |
| Thomas Edward Brodie Howarth | 1962-1973 |
| James Warwick Hele | 1973-1986 |
| Lord Pilkington of Oxenford | 1986-1992 |
| Richard Stephen Baldock | 1992-2004 |
| George Martin Stephen | 2004- |
[edit] Notable former pupils
- See also: Category: Old Paulines
[edit] References
- ^ St Paul's School OFSTED Inspection Report, Educational Standards Achieved by Pupils at the School (2001-10). Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ STATUTA PAULINÆ SCHOLÆ. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ Positions wherein.... Archived from the original on 2006-09-27. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ Charles Dickens, Jr, Dickens's Dictionary of London (1879)
- ^ Jokinen, Anniina (2001-10-26). The Great Fire of London, 1666. Luminarium. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ Mead, Hugh (2006-05-04). A brief history of the St.Paul's School. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ Oxbridge successes for 2007 entry. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ The Bridge (school magazine) Issue 31 Spring 2008 p 3 "Academic News"
- ^ "Tables 'restrict A-level choices'", BBC News, BBC News, 2008-04-25. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ Henry, Julie. "Leading schools revolt over league tables", The Telegraph, 2008-04-26. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
- ^ Architect Announced. St Paul's School. Retrieved on 2008-04-27.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- St Paul's School official website
- Colets Health and Fitness Club
- A History of St Paul's School Sir Michael McDonnell's classic history of the school, scanned onto the internet (1909)
- Old Pauline Club
