St. Mary's Church, Chepstow

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Coordinates: 51°38′33.60″N 2°40′20.02″W / 51.6426667, -2.6722278

St. Mary's Church, Chepstow
The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary
The 11th century Norman doorway of St. Mary's Church
The 11th century Norman doorway of St. Mary's Church
Information
Denomination Church in Wales
Diocese Monmouth
Vicar(s) Revd Chris Blanchard
Contact particulars
Address Chepstow, Monmouthshire, Wales
Country United Kingdom

Portal:Christianity

The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary is located in Chepstow, Monmouthshire, south east Wales. Parts of the building, including its ornate west doorway, date from the late 11th century and are contemporary with the nearby Norman castle.

Contents

[edit] Foundation and history of the priory

It was founded around 1072 as a Benedictine priory by William fitzOsbern and his son Roger de Breteuil, 2nd Earl of Hereford. FitzOsbern had been granted the Lordship of Striguil by his second cousin King William in gratitude for his support in the Norman conquest of England, and was responsible for starting the building of a new castle overlooking the River Wye on the border with the kingdoms of Wales. At the same time he established a nearby monastic cell, so as to collect rent from the lands within Gwent which he had granted to his home Priory of Cormeilles in Normandy. Before long, the monastic establishment, on a ridge overlooking the river about 300 metres from the castle, had the status of an alien priory in its own right, though it probably never held more than about 12 monks.[1][2] It superseded an earlier Augustinian priory located about 2 km away, which was dedicated to the Welsh saint Cynfarch (or St. Kingsmark), a disciple of St. Dyfrig.[3]

As Chepstow developed as a market town and port around the castle and priory during the mediaeval period, the nave became used as the parish church. The first vicar appointed by authority of the king, John de Hemmyngburg, is recorded in 1348. The priory had extensive grounds, probably including most of the land south of the church enclosed by Chepstow's 13th century town wall or Port Wall.[1] During the Hundred Years' War between England and France in the 14th century, the priory became detached from its association with Cormeilles, and instead became attached at different times both to Llantarnam Abbey near Caerleon and to Bermondsey Abbey in Southwark. The priory was eventually suppressed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536, at which time there were still three monks in residence. Most of the priory buildings, including the choir part of the church, the cloister, chapter house, lodgings and kitchens, were demolished at that time, and the foundations are buried beneath a car park beside the current church.[1] Remains of a large barn and well were also found during excavations in the 1970s.[4]

[edit] The present building

View of St. Mary's Church
View of St. Mary's Church

Part of the Norman church remains, but it has been greatly modified over later centuries. The original Priory Church was built in local yellow Triassic sandstone, with a long vaulted nave, massive piers, and a notably ornamented west entrance doorway with zig zag and lozenge patterns. These parts remain. However, later extensions and modifications have used other varieties of stone in other architectural styles, with the result that the whole church has been described as "an extraordinarily disjointed building."[2]

The main central tower of the original church fell down through disrepair in 1701, destroying the transepts. A new wall was then built at the eastern end of the nave, and its western end built up to form a new tower, completed in 1706.[2] In 1841 the aisles were removed, and the eastern end, crossing and transepts were rebuilt.[1] Further work partly to restore the Norman character of the nave was begun in 1890, but was abandoned unfinished in 1913.[2]

The church contains two fonts, one of Norman origin and the other from the 15th century. There are several notable tombs and memorials, including that of Henry Somerset, 2nd Earl of Worcester, and the Jacobean tomb of local benefactor Margaret Cleyton with her two husbands and 12 children. It also contains the tomb of Henry Marten, signatory to King Charles I's death warrant, who was imprisoned in Chepstow Castle until his death in 1680.[5] His memorial includes an acrostic epitaph.[6]

The organ was originally made for Gloucester Cathedral before being moved to Bristol Cathedral in 1663 and then to Chepstow in the 18th century.[7] Eight of the ten bells in the tower date from 1735 and were made in Chepstow by William Evans; the two lightest bells were added in 1959 and were cast by John Taylor & Co..[6][8] The original clock mechanism was also made locally in the 18th century, and kept time until replaced by an electric clock in 1965.[6]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c d Rick Turner and Andy Johnson (eds.), Chepstow Castle - its history and buildings, 2006, ISBN 1-904396-52-6
  2. ^ a b c d John Newman, The Buildings of Wales: Gwent/Monmouthshire, 2000, ISBN 0-14-071053-1
  3. ^ Miranda Aldhouse-Green and Ray Howell (eds.), Gwent In Prehistory and Early History: The Gwent County History Vol.1, 2004, ISBN 0-7083-1826-6
  4. ^ Chepstow Society, Chepstow Town Trail, 1990
  5. ^ Chepstow Town Council
  6. ^ a b c Ivor Waters, The Town of Chepstow, 1972
  7. ^ John P. Harris, The Priory and Parish Church of St. Mary, Chepstow, 1997
  8. ^ Details for Chepstow S Mary, Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 2008-06-03.

[edit] External links