Sri Lanka Police Service
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| Name: | Sri Lanka Police Service |
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| Motto: | "Serve with honor" |
| Established: | 3 September 1866 |
| Stations: | 2,000+ |
| Staff: | 60,000+ |
| Provinces: | 9 |
| Location: | Sri Lanka |
| Website | http://www.police.lk |
The Sri Lanka Police Service (commonly known to as the Sri Lanka Police) is the civilian national police force of the Republic of Sri Lanka. The police force has a manpower of approximately 60,000. It is responsible for enforcing criminal and traffic law, enhancing public safety, maintaining order and keeping the peace throughout Sri Lanka. The professional head of the police is the Inspector General of Police who reports to the minister of defense, when the Police service in under the Ministry of Defence as it is currently. The current Inspector General of Police is Victor Perera, who succeeded Chandra Fernando.
In recent years with the Sri Lankan civil war, the police service has become an integral part of maintaining of the nation's security, with primarily focusing on internal security. Many police officers have been killed in the line of duty mainly due to terrorist attacks. Specially trained commando/Counter-terrorist unit named Special Task Force, are regularly deployed in joint operations with the armed forces for Counter-Terrorism operations, VVIP protection, and the police command structure in Northern and Eastern provinces is closely integrated with the other security organizations under the authority of the Joint Operations Command.
In case of emergency, any civilian in Sri Lanka can reach the police by dialing 119 from any telephone.
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[edit] Roles
- Law enforcement
- Fighting crime.
- Carrying out investigations.
- Drug enforcement.
- Security
- Keeping public security.
- Maintaining public order.
- Counter-terrorism.
- Securing public events, rallies and holidays.
- Riot control / crowd control.
- Intelligence Services.
- Providing VIP security (VVIP security is handled by the Special Task Force).
- Handling suspicious objects and Bomb disposal (EOD) (handled by the Special Task Force).
- Handling the local command of the Home Guard.
- Assisting the Prison Service in prisoner transport and control of prison unrest.
- Traffic control
- Coordinating emergency services
- Police and community
- Handling civilian complaints.
- Handling youth violence and crime.
- Educating the community and participating in educational campaigns.
- Providing ceremonial escorts to the President, the Prime minister and foreign ambassadors on state functions.
[edit] History
1797 :- The office of Fiscal was created and Fredric Barron Mylius was appointed as Fiscal of Colombo and entrusted with responsibility of policing the City of Colombo.
1806 :- The regulation No. 6 of 1806, appointed a Police Vidane to each village, for prevention and detection of crime in rural area.
1832: - A committee appointed by the governor was instructed to form a police force. It was decided by this committee that this new police force was to be funded by a tax to be paid by the public. It consisted of One Superintendent, One Chief Constable, Five Constables, Ten Sergeants and 150 Peons. They were responsible for maintaining law and order in the capital city of Colombo.
1844: - As the police force was restricted to coastal areas only , a second police force was created to cater to the hill country.
1858: - The police force in the coastal area and the Police force in the hill country were unified to make one Police force.
1864: - The first death of a police officer whilst on duty occurred when he attempted to apprehend a brigand by the name of "Saradiel" who was subsequently compared to "Robin Hood" of “sherwood forest”.
1865: - The Police Ordinance was enacted to stipulate powers and responsibilities of policemen.
1866: - Mr. "William Robert Campbell" then the chief of police in the Indian province of Rathnageri, was appointed as Chief Superintendent of Police in Sri Lanka to be in charge of the Police Force on 03.09.1866. Therefore, the 3rd of September 1866 is considered as the beginning of Sri Lanka Police Service.
1867: - The Chief of Police was designated as the Inspector General of Police Accordingly Mr. "William Robert Campbell" became the first Inspector General of Police . The Police Headquarters was found at Maradana, in the City of Colombo.
1870: - Muslim rioters attacked The Police Headquarters. The Police were successful in repulsing the attack, but the building of the Police Headquarters was damaged. In this year the Criminal Investigations Department (C.I.D.) was formed.
1879: - The strength of the Police force had tripled from 585 when IGP Campbell was appointed, to a force of 1528. The first police firing range, training college and the publishing of the annual administration report emerged during this year.
1892: - The Depot Police presently known as the Field Force Headquarters was formed. Uniforms and housing were made free for Police officers as well as the payment of a Good Conduct Allowance was initiated.
1908: - Finger printing and photographing of criminals were initiated along with the direct recruitment to the rank of Assistant Superintendents of Police during this year.
1913: - Mr. Herbert Layard Dowbiggin was appointed as the 8th Inspector General of Police. 119 Police stations were in operation with a total strength of 2306.
1915: - For the first time two officers were appointed as Deputy Inspectors General of Police .
1916: - 0.22 Caliber rifles were issued in place of shotguns.
1920: - For the first time police officers were deployed for the purpose of controlling traffic
1923: - A book containing comprehensive details regarding all aspects of the Police called the “Departmental Order Book” was formulated.
1926: - The Sport Division was established.
1930: - A handbook of traffic rules and regulations was issued for traffic duties.
1932: - The Police Headquarters was shifted from Maradana to it’s present location in Colombo Fort.
1938: - Police telephone boxes were deployed throughout the city of Colombo.
1942: - Temporary forces were employed, known as Temporary Police Constables.
1945: - Police units were deployed at all hospitals. In addition Police units were also deployed for Railway security. However the following year, the Railway Police force was discontinued as a necessity did not arise.
1952: - Women were enrolled to the Police force for the first time. VHF Radios were introduced for communication. It was decided that in honour of police officers killed in the line of duty state funerals with full police honours would be held. In addition the Police flag would be flown at half mast throughout the country.
1954: - Police stations were graded into five classifications viz. Grade “E” to Grade “A” . The grading of Police stations were considered depending on the work load , population, locality , crimes , important Institutions etc., in the area.
1963: - Divisions in the Police were made as North, Central, South, Administration & Criminal Investigation Department. Mr. D. B. I. P. S. Siriwardane, a Civil servant was the first civilian to be appointed as the Deputy Inspector of Police in charge of Administration.
1966: - The Police Public Relations Division was established on 1'st October 1966, at Police Headquarters, Colombo.
1969: - The establishment of the Tourist Police and the Illicit Immigration sector, in March 1969.
1972: - The Crime Detective Bureau was started on 1'st August 1972.
1973: -On the15th of August 1973 the Police Narcotics Bureau was started and The Colombo Fraud Investigation Bureau too was established.
1974: - The Police uniforms for Constables and Sergeants was changed.
1976: - The rank of Woman Police Sub Inspector was introduced. 2 Women police officers were promoted to the rank of Sub Inspector.
1978: - Establishment of The Police Higher Training Institute.
1979: - The Children & Women Bureau was established.
1983: - Establishment of The Police Special Task Force.
1985: - A new promotion scheme was introduced from the rank of Police Constable up to the rank of Inspector of Police.
1988: - A Woman Police Inspector was promoted to the rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police
1989: - Women were recruited and enlisted as Sub Inspectors.
1991: - The Sri Lanka Police celebrated 125 years of Policing in Sri Lanka.
1993: - The Police Information Technology Division was established.
1998: - The Marine Division was established.
1999: - The Ombudsman Division was established.
2000 - The Police Examination Division was established.
2002: - The Police Human right Division was established.
2002: - The Disappearances Investigation Unit was established.
2004: - The Judicial Security Division was established.
2005: - The Colombo Crime Division was established.
2006: - The Reserve police force was abolished & its officers transferred to the regular police force.
[edit] Organization
In 1988 the police force was divided into three geographic commands--known as ranges--covering the northern, central, and southern sectors of the island. The ranges were subdivided into divisions, districts, and stations, and Colombo was designated as a special division. In 1974 there were a total of 260 police stations throughout the country. In more remote rural areas beyond the immediate range of existing police stations, law enforcement functions are carried out by locally elected village headmen (grama seva niladhari, literally "village service officers"). In addition to its regular forces, the national police operated a small reserve contingent and a number of specialized units responsible for investigative and paramilitary functions. Routine criminal activity was handled by the Criminal Investigation Department under the command of an assistant superintendent of police. More coordinated threats to internal security, such as that posed by the radical Sinhalese Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna were the responsibility of the Countersubversive Division, which was primarily an investigative division. Special operational units included the Commando Squad of the Colombo police and the Special Task Force. The former, a 200-strong riot control force, was established following the anti-Tamil riots of 1983. The Special Task Force is a police field force. It was set up in 1984 with the assistance of foreign advisers (primarily former British Special Air Service personnel under the auspices of Keeny Meeny Services, see Foreign Military Relations , this ch.). Its 1,100-member force was organized into 7 companies and trained in counterinsurgency techniques. It played a major role in the government's combined force operations against the Tamil Tigers in Eastern Province before July 1987. Following the signing of the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord, the Special Task Force was redesignated the Police Special Force, and deployed in Southern Province, where it immediately went into action against the JVP terrorists. Companies of the force also served in rotation as part of the presidential security guard.
Until 1984 the police were responsible for national (local) intelligence functions, first under the Special Branch, and later under the Intelligence Services Division. The perceived failure of the Intelligence Services Division during the riots of July 1983 led the Jayewardene government to reevaluate the nation's intelligence network, and in 1984 the president set up a National Intelligence Bureau. The new organization combined intelligence units from the army, navy, air force, and police. It was headed by a deputy inspector general of police who reported directly to the Ministry of Defence.
[edit] Divisions
- Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
- Terrorist Investigation Department (TID)
- Special Task Force (STF)
- Mounted Division
- Police Narcotic Bureau
- Children & Women Bureau
- Traffic Police
- Tourist Police
- Police Kennels
- Human Rights Division
- Police Information Technology Division
- Marine Division
- Ombudsman Division
- Police Examination Division
- Judicial Security Division
- Diplomatic Security Division
- Colombo Crime Division
- Sri Lanka Police College[1]
- Police Hospital, Colombo
[edit] International deployments
In resent years members of the Sri Lanka Police have taken part in international deployments either as advisers, observers or seconded police officers for United Nations missions. These include;
- Since 2002, Sri Lankan Police personal have taken part in the United Nations Mission of Support to East Timor[1], the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti , the United Nations Mission in Sudan and the United Nations Mission in Liberia.[2]
- Special Task Force personal have been assisting the Chines police for the 2008 Beijing Olympics in dealing with possible terrorist threats.[2]
[edit] Ranks
[edit] Gazetted Officers
- Senior gazetted officers
- Inspector General of Police (IGP)
- Senior Deputy Inspector General of police (SDIG)
- Deputy Inspector General of police (DIG)
- Senior Superintendent of police (SSP)
- Superintendent of police (SP)
- Assistant Superintendent of police (ASP)
- Junior gazetted officers
- Chief Inspector of police (CIP)
- Inspector of police (IP)
- Sub Inspector of police (SI)
[edit] Non-Gazetted Officers
- Police Sergeant Major (PSM)
- Police Sergeant Class 1 (PS)
- Police Sergeant Class 2 (PS)
- Police Constable Class 1 (PC)
- Police Constable Class 2 (PC)
- Police Constable Class 3 (PC)
- Police Constable Class 4 (PC)
[edit] Uniform
With the establishment of the Ceylon Police in 1866 a standard uniforms based on the ones of the British police forces were adapted. Officers of the grade of Inspector and above who were mostly British wore white colonial uniforms which are still used today for ceremonial occupations. Constables wore dark blue tunics, shorts and a black round cap with a collar number. Khaki uniforms were adapted by the beginning of the 20th century for practical reasons along with other military and police units of the British Empire. This was common for all ranks with the constables wearing Khaki tunics, shorts and hat while always armed with a baton until 1974.
Current standard of uniforms comes from the last major changers made in 1974, however several additions have been made since then for practical reasons. The old white uniform still remain as the full-dress uniform of Gazetted Officers, only worn for ceremonial occasions. This includes white tunic, trousers (or skirt) adorned with black epaulettes, black cross belt, medals and sword with a white coloured pith helmet (or a black coloured peaked cap). Senior gazetted officers may wear a waist sash in gold colour instead of cross belt. Mounted officers wear a red tunic for ceremonial occasions with a gold cross belt, a black custodian helmet, gazetted officers carry swords and constables carry lances.[3]
No.01 khaki uniform is worn for most formal occasions. No.1 khaki uniform consists of a khaki jacket adorned with black epaulettes (for gazetted officer), white shirt, black tie with khaki trousers or a skirt, black coloured peaked cap and medals. No.02 khaki uniform is the normal working uniform of all police officers. No.1 khaki uniform consists of a khaki shirt (both long sleeve or short sleeve), with khaki trousers or a skirt, black coloured peaked cap and medals ribbons. Senior gazetted officers of and above the grade of superintendent wear black "gorget patches" on all types of uniforms. Gazetted officers tend to wear a short sleeve tunic like "bush jacket" as part of their No.02 khaki uniform. Black sam browne belts are worn by gazetted officers with traffic policemen wearing white coloured peak caps and the white belt with sam browne belts on their khaki uniforms. Constables and sergeants wear their service number on their uniform. For practical reasons overalls of green or black may be worn with boots when necessory.[4]
Special Task Force personal really wear khaki uniforms which are a bit lighter in colour. They tend to wear a camouflage uniform with boots and bright green coloured beret.
[edit] Awards and Decorations
The Sri Lanka Police has its own award and decorations that are awarded to its officers for services in the line of duty.
[edit] Arms
Sri Lanka Police officers normally carry automatic rifles and pistols while on patrol due to terrorist treats. The Special Task Force with its wide rang of duties is equipped with a greater variety of firearms and a higher degree of fire power to carry out military type Counter-terrorism operations.
[edit] See also
- Awards and decorations of the Sri Lanka Police
- Special Task Force
- Ministry of Defence
- Home Guard Service
- Department of Prisons
[edit] References
[edit] External links
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