Spirit of Ecstasy
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The Spirit of Ecstasy is the name of the mascot (hood ornament) on Rolls-Royce cars. It is in the form of a woman leaning forwards with her arms outstretched behind and above her. Billowing cloth running from her arms to her back resembles wings.
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[edit] Origins
The Spirit of Ecstasy was designed by Charles Sykes and carries with it a story about secret passion between John Walter Edward Douglas-Scott-Montagu (second Lord Montagu of Beaulieu after 1905, a pioneer of the automobile movement, and editor of The Car) and his secret love and the model for the emblem, Eleanor Velasco Thornton. Eleanor was John Walter's secretary, and their love was to remain hidden, limited to their friends, for more than a decade. The reason for the secrecy was Eleanor's impoverished social and economic status, which was an obstacle to their love. John-Walter, succumbing to family pressures, married Lady Cecil Victoria Constance, but the secret love affair continued.
[edit] The Whisper
When Montagu commissioned Sykes to sculpt a personal for the bonnet of his Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, Sykes chose Eleanor Thornton as his model. Sykes originally crafted a figurine of her in fluttering robes, pressing a finger against her lips - to symbolise the secrets of their love. The figurine was consequently christened The Whisper.
The very first Rolls-Royce motorcars did not feature radiator mascots; they simply carried the Rolls-Royce emblem. This, however, was not enough for their customers who believed that such a prestigious vehicle as a Rolls-Royce motorcar should have its own luxurious mascot, and by 1910 personal mascots had become the fashion of the day. Rolls-Royce were concerned to note that some owners were affixing "inappropriate" ornaments to their cars. Claude Johnson, then managing director of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars, was asked to see to the commissioning of something more suitably dignified and graceful.
He turned to Charles Sykes, a young artist friend and a graduate of London's Royal College of Art, to produce a mascot which would adorn all future Rolls-Royce cars and become generic to the marque, with the specifications that it should convey "the spirit of the Rolls-Royce, namely, speed with silence, absence of vibration, the mysterious harnessing of great energy and a beautiful living organism of superb grace..."
[edit] The Spirit of Speed
Sykes' brief from Claude Johnson had been to evoke something of the spirit of the mythical beauty, Nike, whose graceful image was to be admired in The Louvre, but Sykes was not so impressed. He felt that a more feminine representation might be apt.
It was again Miss Thornton whom he had in mind. Sykes chose to modify ‘The Whisper’ into a model more akin with what we see today; ‘The Spirit of Ecstasy’. He called this first model The Spirit of Speed. Later on, Charles Sykes called it, "A graceful little goddess, the Spirit of Ecstasy, who has selected road travel as her supreme delight and alighted on the prow of a Rolls-Royce motor car to revel in the freshness of the air and the musical sound of her fluttering draperies."
Royce was ill during the commission of the flying lady and did not believe the figurine embellished the cars, instead complaining that it impaired the view of the driver. Thus, it was very rare to spot Royce driving one of his company's vehicles adorned with the famous mascot.
[edit] Alterations
Royce made sure it was officially listed as an optional extra, but in practice it was fitted on almost all cars after that year, becoming a standard fitting in the early 1920's. Automobiles, however, have to change with the times, and the Spirit of Ecstasy was no exception. It was silver plated until 1914 when the mascot began to be made with nickel or chrome alloy to dissuade frequent thefts. The only departure from this came in the Paris car mascot competition of 1920, where a specially moulded gold-plated version took top honours. Gold-plated versions were subsequently made available from the company at an inflated price.
It was Claude Johnson who devised the description of The Spirit of Ecstasy, he described how Sykes had sought to convey the image of "the spirit of ecstasy, who has selected road travel as her supreme delight......she is expressing her keen enjoyment, with her arms outstretched and her sight fixed upon the distance."
[edit] The Flying Lady
In the United States the mascot is called The Flying Lady. The Flying Lady was a modified version of The Spirit of Ecstasy figurine to make it bow a little further in order to protect the bonnet.
Sykes was once again commissioned by Rolls in the 1930s - this time to make a lower variation of the mascot to suit the sports salons.
The kneeling lady mascot was consequently unveiled on 26 January, 1934, and was still as undeniably a reflection of Eleanor as it was a symbol of the Rolls Royce. This was, however, discontinued after the Silver Wraith and the Silver Dawn models, in favour of a smaller version of the original standing mascot, and that is how it remains to date.
Eleanor, meanwhile, had died on 30 December 1915, going down with the SS Persia, when she accompanied Lord Montagu on his journey to India... just four years after she had been immortalized by her bereaved lover.
Some critics and fans of the Rolls Royce have given The Spirit of Ecstasy the dubious nickname "Ellie in her Nightie", sugguesting Eleanor's influence as Sykes' muse.
[edit] Modern Spirit of Ecstasy
Today's Spirit of Ecstasy stands at 3 inches and, for safety, she is mounted on a spring-loaded mechanism designed to retract instantly into the radiator shell if struck from any direction. Within the vehicle, there is a button which can immediately retract/extend the emblem when pressed. It can be made of highly polished stainless steel, sterling silver or 24-carat gold, the sterling silver and gold being optional extras.
The only Rolls-Royce automobile this mascot does not appear on now, is the royal Rolls-Royce which carries the British Queen's mascot of St. George on horseback, slaying a dragon, designed for her by artist Edward Seago.
[edit] References
- Rolls-Royce Motor Cars Limited homepage
- ROCC
- BRITISH STAINLESS STEEL ASSOCIATION
- Royal Insight
- Traditional Family Funerals-Spirit of Ecstasy
