Southbroom House
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Southbroom House is currently the main building of Devizes School, Wiltshire, England (UK), and owned by Wiltshire County Council.
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[edit] History
The History of Southbroom House 1501-1980[1]
Southbroom is first mentioned in 1227 and was probably then part of a broom-clad area, which seems still traceable in 1360, when a cottage stood called “super Southbroom”.
The first known owner of Southbroom House was John Drew (or Trew), a wealthy Clothier from Devon. When John Drew occupied the Estate in 1501 it consisted of the House, a dovehouse, small park, orchards, and gardens. A small pond was thought to have existed on the state at that time although this was not shown in later records. The could probably have some connection with 'Drews Pond' which is on the outskirts of Devizes.
The estate passed to John Drew’s grandson who was also called John. Then he died in 1614, the estate passed to his son, Robert. For some unknown reason Sir Charles Lloyd burnt down the house in 1645. Robert died in the fire leaving the Dovehouse, etc., to his widow Elizabeth. Their son, John Drew, died soon are inheriting the estate leaving the remaining property to his widow who, in 1664, married Sir Henry Andrews, 1st Baronet of Lathbury.
The bulk of the estate stayed in the Drew family until 1680 when it was bought by John Eyles, a London merchant, who eventually became Lord Mayor of London in 1726.
In 1773, a new house was built on the original site by Edward Eyles, with imported Bath labour. A fire occurred in the new building in 1779 but did not destroy the whole house. The property descended to Edward’s daughter Maria who married George Heathcoate of London. Maria was born on June 12th, 1706, she married in 1724, and died in 1792. She is buried in St. John’s Church cemetery in Devizes. George Heathcote became Lord Mayor of London in 1742.
Interestingly, Devizes School, who now occupy the Southbroom House, is organised into four houses one of which is Heathcote House. Popular myth suggests that this was named after Maria Heathcote whose ghost is said to haunt the house.
George and Maria’s son Josiah Eyles Heathcote died in 1811 and the estate was sold in 1812 to William Salmon. The park (then 22 acres) was by this time encircled by tress and rare plants and adorned by ‘romantic walls’. The whole estate while in the possession of William Salmon amounted to 269 acres.
William was succeeded by W.W. Salmon who left the town in 1828. Then or later the whole estate was sold to George Watson-Taylor. Some accounts say that George’s son Simon Watson-Taylor was the occupier in 1880 but other accounts say that it was owned by Robert Parry Nisbet (died 1882) who certainly owed the estate by 1841, and is referenced to live there on the occasion of his marriage in 1847[2]. This is known because his crest is on one of the two lodges (one of which was demolished in 1968).
In 1913 and 1914, R.H. Caird owned the property. He left the town and sold the estate that now consisted of the house, private golf course, park with small maze, and rare trees and plants to Sir Horace Westropp McMahon). The next owners were Wiltshire Country Council in 1926. After many alterations it is now part of Devizes School.
[edit] The House
In the days when the Eyles family owned the House the attics had one main use, to provide a place to sleep for the servants. Each night the butler would bring a ladder to the attic entrance so that the servants could go up to their room to sleep. He would then remove it until the following morning when again he would bring the ladder and allow the servants to get down.
The house consisted of a dining hall, library, study, drawing room, servants quarters, morning room, bedrooms, bathroom and conservatory. Also there were extensive gardens and shrubberies.
The house was considerably altered and extended in the 19th and 20th centuries for use as part of a School. The original building dating mainly from 1773 is of Bath Stone Ashlar and consists of a two-story central block flanked by much lower service wings. The wings have been considerably altered but retain a few original round-headed openings on the ground floor with some oval windows above.
Southbroom House is a Grade II listed building, as maintained by English Heritage, the UK government body responsible for the historic environment in England.[3]
[edit] Purchase by Wiltshire Country Council and use as a school
Wiltshire County Council purchased the mansion of Southbroom House in 1925 together with 7 acres of grounds. The house was adapted as a senior school for children over the age of 8 in the south ward of the town. The adjacent Heathcote House, formerly the private grammar school, was used as the Headmaster's residence and in 1929 a large classroom at the rear adapted as a Domestic Science Room. By 1930 there was a 'housecraft centre' near the school and a large garden for the pupils to work in. In 1936 a new block was added to the Heathcote House section to form a Handicraft Centre and Science Laboratory. The school continued to expand and in 1937 a kitchen and canteen were opened to provide hot dinners for the children.[4]
Early during the Second World War the school became an evacuee reception and dispersal centre. The Devizes Day Nursery was built in the grounds as an emergency measure; this became redundant in 1947 and provided extra accommodation for the school. In 1949 the school became a secondary modern as Southbroom Secondary School. In 1950 there were 452 pupils and this rose to 590, aged between 8 and 15, by 1954. The school was too small and was enlarged in 1956, and again in 1964. In 1969 Southbroom Secondary School was merged with the Devizes Grammar School to form Devizes Comprehensive School.
As of 1980, Southbroom House was used mainly for school staff offices and the staff common room.
[edit] References
- ^ Downes, Jason (1980). "The History of Southbroom House 1501-1980".
- ^ "The Gentlemen's Magazine, vol. XXVIII" (1847).
- ^ Southbroom House. Images of England. Retrieved on 2007-09-10.
- ^ Southbroom Secondary School, Devizes. Wiltshire Community History. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
- The History of Wiltshire, Volumes 5 and 7.
- Wiltshire Archaeological Society, History of Devizes, Volume 5.
- Chronicles of Devizes by Waylen, 1839.
