Sophora cassioides
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| Sophora cassioides (Phil.) Sparre. |
Sophora cassioides[1](syn S. macnabiana (Grah.)Skottsb.) is legume tree native to Chile.
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[edit] Taxonomy
Sophora cassioides has been considered in earlier treatment as S.macnabiana or as subspecies of S.microphylla Ait. (S.microphylla subsp. macnabiana Yakovlev) and even as part of the large-leaved kowhai S.tetraptera J.F.Mill. (e.g. S.tetraptera sensu Reiche).
[edit] Distribution
It is an endemic from South Chile and Gough Island [2]. In South America has been gathered between Constitución and Puyuhuapi. It prefers shady places into Myrtaceae stands, besides Drymys, Caldcluvia and other hygrophyllous species. Putatives hybrids with S.macrocarpa have been described at Bullileo (Linares).
[edit] Phylogeny
Sophora represents a polyphyletic assemblage, the Tetraptera group (sensu Tsoong et Ma) including S.cassioides and S.macrocarpa forms a monophyletic group with Eurasian species like as S.flavescens Ait.and Asian S.alopecuroides L. suggesting (syn S.jaubertii Spach), a west or nor-west Pacific origin. [3],[4] The accepted idea that New Zealand is an Ancient continental land mass has been challenged; an isolation of 65-80 Myr is no more attainable. Geologically New Zealand is an oceanic archipelago, although comprising continental crust, that emerged 25 Myr. Chatham Islands emerged 1-3 Ma and the entire flora arrives by dispersal, 9.6-8.9 million year for Sophora (Hurr et al 1999), a clearer example is Nothofagus, phylogenetic relationship between trans-Tasman species in both Lophozonia and Fucospora can only be explained by mid-to late Tertiary transoceanic dispersal (Knapp et al. 2005[5]) [6]
[edit] Notes and references
- ^ The correct name for Chilean pelu (Fabaceae): the identity of Edwardsia macnabiana and the reinstatement of Sophora cassioides New Zealand J. Bot.39:167
- ^ Wace NM. 1961. The Vegetation of Gough Island Ecological Monographs, 31:337-367
- ^ Michell AB & Heenan PB 2004 Sophora sect. Edwardsia (Fabaceae): further evidence from mDNA sequence data of a recent and rapid radiation aroud the Southern Oceans Bot J. Linn. Soc. 140:435-441.
- ^ Hurr KA, Lockhart PJ, Heenan PB, & Penny D. 1999. Evidence for the recent dispersal of Sophora (Leguminosae) around the Southern Oceans: molecular data. Journal of Biogeography 26:565
- ^ PLoS Biology - Relaxed Molecular Clock Provides Evidence for Long-Distance Dispersal of Nothofagus (Southern Beech)
- ^ Trewick SA, Paterson AM & Campbell MJ. 2007 Hello New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography 34:1, 1–6.
[edit] Source
Heenan PB., Lange PJ de, Wilton AD. 2001. Sophora (Fabaceae) in New Zealand taxonomy, distribution, and biogeography.New Zealand J. Bot. 39: 17-53.
