Template:Solar System Infobox/Sun
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| Observation data | |
|---|---|
| Mean distance from Earth |
1.496×1011 m 8.31 min at light speed |
| Visual brightness (V) | −26.74m [1] |
| Absolute magnitude | 4.83m [1] |
| Spectral classification | G2V |
| Metallicity | Z = 0.0177[2] |
| Angular size | 31.6' - 32.7' [3] |
| Adjectives | solar |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Mean distance from Milky Way core |
~2.5×1020 m 26,000 light-years |
| Galactic period | 2.25–2.50×108 a |
| Velocity | ~2.20×105 m/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy) ~2×104 m/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean diameter | 1.392×109 m [1] 109 Earths |
| Equatorial radius | 6.955×108 m [4] 109 x that of Earth[4] |
| Equatorial circumference | 4.379×109 m [4] 109 x that of Earth[4] |
| Flattening | 9×10−6 |
| Surface area | 6.0877×1018 m² [4] 11,990 Earths[4] |
| Volume | 1.4122×1027 m³ [4] 1,300,000 Earths |
| Mass | 1.9891 ×1030 kg[1] 332,946 Earths |
| Average density | ≈1.409 ×103 kg/m³[4][1][5] |
| Different Densities | Core: 1.5×105 kg/m³ lower Photosphere: 2×10-4 kg/m³ lower Cromosphere: 5×10-6 kg/m³ Avg. Corona: 10×10-12kg/m³[6] |
| Equatorial surface gravity | 274.0 m/s2 [1] 27.94 g 28 x Earth's surface gravity[4] |
| Escape velocity (from the surface) |
617.7 km/s [4] 55 x Earths[4] |
| Temperature of surface (effective) |
5,778 K [1] |
| Temperature of corona |
~5×106 K |
| Temperature of core |
~15.7×106 K [1] |
| Luminosity (Lsol) | 3.846×1026 W [1] ~3.75×1028 lm ~98 lm/W efficacy |
| Mean Intensity (Isol) | 2.009×107 W m-2 sr-1 |
| Rotation characteristics | |
| Obliquity | 7.25° [1] (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane) |
| Right ascension of North pole[7] |
286.13° 19 h 4 min 30 s |
| Declination of North pole |
+63.87° 63°52' North |
| Sidereal Rotation period (at 16° latitude) |
25.38 days [1] 25 d 9 h 7 min 13 s[7] |
| (at equator) | 25.05 days [1] |
| (at poles) | 34.3 days [1] |
| Rotation velocity (at equator) |
7.284 ×103 km/h |
| Photospheric composition (by mass) | |
| Hydrogen | 73.46 %[8] |
| Helium | 24.85 % |
| Oxygen | 0.77 % |
| Carbon | 0.29 % |
| Iron | 0.16 % |
| Sulfur | 0.12 % |
| Neon | 0.12 % |
| Nitrogen | 0.09 % |
| Silicon | 0.07 % |
| Magnesium | 0.05 % |
