Solitary confinement

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Solitary confinement, colloquially referred to in American English as "the hole" or "the pound" (or in British English "the block"), is a punishment or special form of imprisonment in which a prisoner is denied contact with any other persons, excluding members of prison staff. Usually cited as an additional measure of protection (of society) from the criminal, it has also been called a form of torture. In some cases it is also used to protect the prisoner from others.

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[edit] Usage and criticism

Those who accept the practice consider it necessary for prisoners who are considered dangerous to other people ('the most predatory' prisoners[1]), those who might be capable of leading crime groups even from within, or those who are kept 'incommunicado' for purported reasons of national security. Finally, it may be used for prisoners who are at high risk of being attacked by other inmates, such as pedophiles or witnesses who are in prison themselves. This latter form of solitary confinement is sometimes referred to as protective custody.

In the US Federal Prison system, solitary confinement is known as the Special Housing Unit (SHU),[2] pronounced "shoe". California's prison system also uses the abbreviation SHU, but it stands for Security Housing Units.[3] In other states, it is known as the Special Management Unit (SMU).

Opponents of solitary confinement claim that it is a form of cruel and unusual punishment[4] because the lack of human contact (and the sensory deprivation that often go with solitary confinement) has a severe negative impact on a prisoner's mental state[1] that may lead to certain mental illnesses such as depression or an existential crisis.[5]

Interestingly, the punishment factor of solitary seems to be lessened or even eliminated in the case of some prisoners with antisocial or sociopathic personalities. Whether this is due to the flattened emotional responses present in such cases, or the extreme detachment that typify these disorders, is currently unknown.[citation needed]

[edit] In popular culture

Solitary confinement features centrally in novels such as Alexandre Dumas' The Count of Monte Cristo and Henri Charrière's Papillon. It also features in many movies, including such as Murder in the First, The Great Escape, the 1994 movie The Shawshank Redemption, and televisions series' like the HBO's Oz or Fox's Prison Break.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b Solitary Confinement Torture In The U.S. - Kerness, Bonnie; National Coordinator of the 'National Campaign to Stop Control Unit Prisons', 1998
  2. ^ "USP McCreary, Visiting Regulations" accessed May 1, 2008 http://www.bop.gov/locations/institutions/mcr/MCR_visit_hours.pdf
  3. ^ "California State Prison, Corcoran (CSP-COR)" accessed May 1, 2008 http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Visitors/Facilities/COR.html
  4. ^ Trend toward solitary confinement worries experts - Tyre, Peg; U.S. News, Friday 9 January 1998
  5. ^ Stuart Grassian Psychiatric effects of solitary confinement(PDF) This article is a redacted, non-institution and non-inmate specific, version of a declaration submitted in September 1993 in Madrid v. Gomez, 889F.Supp.1146.