Solamish
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Badr al-Din Solamish (b. 1272, Cairo – d. 1291, Constantinople ) (Arabic:بدر الدين سُلامش) royal name: al-Malik al-Adil Badr al-Din Solamish (Arabic: الملك العادل بدر الدين سُلامش) nicknamed Ibn al-Badawiyah [1] (Arabic: إبن البدوية) was a minor Sultan of Egypt who reigned for 100 days in 1279 after the resignation of his older brother Al-Said Barakah. He was also the son of the eminent Sultan Baibars al-Bunduqdari who was of Kipchak Turkic origin.
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[edit] Biography
He became Sultan of Egypt at the age of 7 at the proposal of Qalawun al-Alfi. His vice-sultan was Izz al-Din Aybak al-Afram[2] and Qalawun al-Alfi was the Atabeg. Coins were minted with name of Solamish on one side and name of Qalawun on the other. After his 100 day rule he was succeeded by Qalawun. Solamish himself was moved to Al Karak which was ruled by his brother and former Sultan al-Said Barakah.
After the death of Barakah, Al Kark was granted to his brother al-Malik al-Masoud Khidr. In 1286 Sultan Qalawun, due to mismanagement of Khidr, sent his vice-sultan Hosam al-Din Trantay to take Kark. After a few days of siege, Khidr and Solamish surrendered and were taken to Cairo where Sultan Qalawun gave them a warm reception and granted each of them hundred horsemen and freedom of movement. But four years later Sultan Qalawun was informed by his son al-Salih Ali that Khidr and Solamish were in contact with the Zahiriyya emirs.[3] Taking no risk, Sultan Qalawun exiled them with their mother to Alexandria. In 1291, during the reign of Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil, Solamish and Khidr were exiled to Constantinople.[4]
In the same year, the 20-year-old Solamish died in Constantinople and was embalmed by his mother. In 1297, his mother and brother Khidr Accompanied the embalmed body of Solamish to Egypt where he was buried, after his sister pleaded to her husband Sultan Hossam al-Din Lajin.
Like his brother Sultan Barakah and his father Sultan Baibars, Solamish was very popular among the Egyptians. He was known to be charming and intelligent and poets described him in their songs and poems.[5]
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Al-Said Barakah |
Mamluk Sultan 1279 |
Succeeded by Qalawun |
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ Ibn al-Badawiyah (Arabic: إبن البدوية) means son of the Bedouin woman.
- ^ Not to be confused with his namesake Izz al-Din Aybak al-Turkmani who was a Sultan.
- ^ Zahiriyya were the emirs and mamluks of Sultan al-Zahir Baibars. Qalawun belonged to their rivals the Salihiyya who were emirs and mamlukes of as-Salih Ayyub.
- ^ Presentday Istanbul. Egypt had good relation and agreements with the Laskarid emperors of the Byzantian empire of Nicaea since time of Sultan Baibars.
- ^ "Thaghr Solamish" which means "Mouth of Solamish" was a synonym for a beautiful mouth.
[edit] References
- Al-Maqrizi, Al Selouk Leme'refatt Dewall al-Melouk, Dar al-kotob, 1997.
- Idem in English: Bohn, Henry G., The Road to Knowledge of the Return of Kings, Chronicles of the Crusades, AMS Press, 1969.
- Ibn Taghri, al-Nujum al-Zahirah Fi Milook Misr wa al-Qahirah, al-Hay'ah al-Misreyah 1968
- History of Egypt, Yusef. William Popper, translator Abu L-Mahasin ibn Taghri Birdi, University of California Press 1954
- H. Sadawi, Al-Mamalik, Maroof Ikhwan, Alexandria.
- Z. Dagani, Al-Zahir Baibars, Dar Alkitab, Beirut 2003.
- B. Asli, Al Zahir Baibars, Dar Alnafa'es, Beirut 1981.
