Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
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Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| Poly(4-vinylbenzenesulfonate metal salt) | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | V03 |
| PubChem | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C8H7NaO3S |
| Mol. mass | 206 |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (or polystyrene sulfonic acid) is a type of polymer and ionomer based on polystyrene. The polyanion is readily soluble in water, and insoluble in lower alcohols. The solid appears as white or off-white powder. It may be prepared by polymerization or copolymerization of sodium styrene sulfonate or by sulfonation of polystyrene. The harsh conditions used in this procedure lead to the occurrence of a number of side reactions. Double substitutions of the phenyl rings are known to occur, even with conversions well below 100%. Crosslinking reactions are also found, where condensation of two sulfonic acid groups yield a sulfonyl crosslink. On the other hand, the use of milder conditions such as acetyl sulfate leads to incomplete sulfonation. Recently, the ATRP (Atom transfer Radical Polymerization) of protected styrenesulfonates has been reported, leading to well defined linear polymers.
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[edit] General Uses
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used as a superplastifier in cement, crosslinked polystyrenes that are then sulfonated have found widespread use in ion-exchange applications, it is used as a dye improving agent for cotton and as proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications.
[edit] Use in medicine
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate, Kionex) is a medication used to treat abnormally high potassium levels. It may be taken orally or by rectum, as an enema, and functions as a potassium-binding resin in the intestines.The resine will absorb 1 mEq of potassium per gram and will release 1 mEq of sodium. It is also an effective topical microbicide and spermicide, inhibiting the genital transfection of, among others, HIV.[citation needed]
[edit] Side effects
Side effects can include electrolyte disturbances such as low potassium levels, low calcium levels, and sodium retention. Intestinal disturbances are also common, including constipation, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite.
[edit] References
- Baeurle SA, Nogovitsin EA, Challenging scaling laws of flexible polyelectrolyte solutions with effective renormalization concepts, Polymer 48, 4883-4899 (2007), doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.080
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