Sodium acetrizoate

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Sodium acetrizoate
Systematic (IUPAC) name
sodium 3-acetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoate
Identifiers
CAS number 129-63-5
ATC code V08AA07
PubChem 8517
Chemical data
Formula C9H5I3NNaO3 
Mol. mass 578.844 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability  ?
Metabolism  ?
Half life  ?
Excretion  ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

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Legal status
Routes  ?

Sodium acetrizoate (rINN, trade names Urokon, Triurol and Salpix), the sodium salt of acetrizoic acid, is a high-osmolality, water-soluble, iodine-based radiographic contrast medium no longer in clinical use.[1]

Acetrizoate was developed by V.H. Wallingford of Mallinckrodt, and introduced in 1950;[2] it was employed as a contrast agent for several radiographic studies, including pyelography,[3][4] angiography of the brain, carotid arteries and the aorta,[5][6] and cholecystography.[7][8] It was soon found to be highly toxic to the kidneys and nervous system—work urging caution in its administration was published as early as 1959,[9] after reports of adverse reactions ranging from hypersensitivity to brain damage—and was eventually replaced by other agents with higher efficacy and lower toxicity, such as sodium diatrizoate, a closely related compound.[2]

[edit] References

  1. ^ Acetrizoate sodium. Online Medical Dictionary. University of Newcastle upon Tyne (March 5, 2000). Retrieved on 2007-11-14.
  2. ^ a b McClennan BL (1990). "Preston M. Hickey memorial lecture. Ionic and nonionic iodinated contrast media: evolution and strategies for use". AJR. American journal of roentgenology 155 (2): 225–33. PMID 2115244. 
  3. ^ NESBIT RM, LAPIDES J (1950). "Preliminary report on urokon, a new excretory pyelographic medium". J Urol 63 (6): 1109–12. PMID 15422724. 
  4. ^ EYLER WR, DREW DR, BOHNE AW (1956). "A comparative clinical trial of urographic media: renografin, hypaque, and urokon". Radiology 66 (6): 871–3. PMID 13323329. 
  5. ^ LIU P, MURTAGH F, WYCIS HT, SCOTT M (1953). "Report of one hundred carotid angiograms taken with the new contrast medium acetrizoate (urokon) on Chamberlain's biplane stereoscopic angiographic unit". A. M. A. archives of neurology and psychiatry 69 (5): 651–2. PMID 13039633. 
  6. ^ SEAMAN WB, SCHWARTZ HG (1953). "Cerebral arteriography with sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) 30%". A.M.A. archives of surgery 67 (5): 741–5. PMID 13103941. 
  7. ^ ORLOFF TL (1955). "Intravenous cholecystography with a new medium; experience with sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) seventy per cent". A.M.A. archives of surgery 71 (4): 620–2. PMID 13258064. 
  8. ^ WOOLLEY IM, KEIZUR LW, MAYERHARNISCH G (1957). "Gallbladder visualization following the use of 70 per cent sodium acetrizoate (urokon sodium) for intravenous pyelography". Radiology 69 (4): 576–7. PMID 13485425. 
  9. ^ LANCE EM, KILLEN DA, SCOTT HW (1959). "A plea for caution in the use of sodium acetrizoate (urokon) for aortography". Ann Surg 150 (1): 172. PMID 13661846.  Full text at PMC: 1613496
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