Slovene verbs

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In Slovene, the verbs are conjugated for 3 persons and 3 numbers. There are 4 tenses (present, past, pluperfect, and future), 3 moods (indicative, imperative, and conditional) and 2 voices (active and passive). Verbs also have 4 participles and 2 verbal nouns (infinitive and supine). Not all combinations of the above are possible for every case. Further information about the grammar of the Slovene language can be found in the article Slovene grammar.

Contents

[edit] Classification of verbs

The Slovene verb can be classified based on the forms of the present and infinitive into 6 different conjugation patterns:

  1. First conjugation in -a-, for example, oddati (to let, rent)
  2. Second conjugation in -ni-, for example, venite (to fade/wilt)
  3. Third conjugation in -je-, for example, biti (to beat) compare with the first person singular present indicative form bijem
  4. Fourth conjugation in -e-, for example, risati (to cut wood) compare with the first person singular present indicative form risem
  5. Fifth conjugation in -i-, for example, hoditi (to walk)
  6. Sixth conjugation which consists of all the irregular verbs, such as biti (to be).

As well, verbs can be classified based on their transitivity (Glagolska prehodnost) and aspect (Glagolski vid). Many verbs in Slovene can be both transitive and intransitive depending on their use in a sentence. However, all reflexive verbs, which are marked by the participle se (one self) are intransitive.

As in all Slavic languages, Slovene verbs are classified based on their aspect into 2 categories: perfective (dovršni) verbs, which represent a completed action, and imperfective (nedovršni) verbs, which represent a continued action. For example, the

concept of jumping is expressed in the 2 different aspects is skakati, which has an imperfective aspect and can roughly be translated as to be jumping (continuously), and skočiti, which has a perfective aspect and can roughly be translated as to jump (once). In Slovene, this difference in aspects is found in all tenses and voices.

[edit] Voice

In Slovene, a verb can be used in 2 different voices: active (Tvornik )and passive (Trpnik). Only the active voice maintains a complete conjugation pattern for all the tenses. In Slovene, the passive voice is formed by using the verb biti (to be), appropriately conjugated, and the passive past participle in -en of the main verb or for reflexive verbs it is formed by adding -se to the end of a verb. Except for reflexive verbs, the passive voice is rarely used. An example of the passive voice is Izvoljen je bil za člana Kraljeve družbe (He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society). However, this is more commonly stated, using the active voice, as Izvolili so ga za člana Kraljeve družbe (They elected him a fellow of the Royal Society).

[edit] Verb mood and tense

Slovene has 3 verb moods:

  1. Indicative mood, which is used to state a fact or opinion
  2. Imperative mood, which is used to give commands
  3. Conditional mood, which is used to state possibilities or wishes, for example, If only I knew that...

Of the moods, only the indicative has a complete set of verb forms.

In Slovene, there are four tenses:

  1. the pluperfect (past perfect) tense (predpreteklik), which considers events that occurred before a given event already in the past.
  2. the preterite (past simple) tense (preteklik), which considers events that occurred in the past.
  3. the present tense (sedanjik), which considers events that are occurring.
  4. the future tense (prihodnjik), which considers events that will occur.

[edit] Indicative mood

The indicative mood is used to state facts or opinions. It has separate forms for all 4 tenses.

[edit] =Present tense

The present tense has 2 different meanings:

  1. For imperfective verbs, it has present meaning.
  2. For perfective verbs, it has a future meaning expressing a desire to care out the action. For example , To kravo prodam, (I want to sell the cow) compared with the future tense 'To kravo bom prodal' ('I will sell the cow).

In Slovene, the present tense can be formed in 2 different manners:

  • Athematic conjugation: an s is inserted in certain cases. This is a remnant of the original athematic conjugation.
  • Thematic conjugation: The “normal” conjugation for a verb.

In some dialects, the differences between the 2 groups are blurred and verbs of one group are conjugated based on the other group. This is considered incorrect in the standard literary language.

The personal endings for the present indicative are:

Personal Endings for the Present Indicative
Number
Person Singular Dual Plural
First -m -va (masculine) or -ve (feminine/neuter) -mo
Second -e -ta (masculine) or -te (feminine/neuter) -te
Third -- (nothing) -ta (masculine) or -te (feminine/neuter) -(j)o / -e

The correct form for the third person plural depends on the stress. The first form is used if the ending is stressed, while the second ending is used if the ending is unstressed.

[edit] Future indicative

The future indicative tense is used to state events that will happen. It is formed in the following manner: the auxiliary verb biti (to be) conjugated in the future tense + the l-participle (past active participle I) of the lexical verb. The participle must agree with the subject in number and gender. For example, videl bom (I shall see), odšla bo (she will go), and bodo odkrili (they will discover).

[edit] Preterite or past indicative

In Slovene, the preterite, which is based on the Slavonic perfect tense, is used to indicate events that occurred in the past. It is formed in the following manner: the auxiliary verb biti (to be) in the present tense + the l-participle (past active participle I) of the lexical verb. The participle must agree with the subject in number and gender. For example, sem videl (I saw), je odšla (she went), and so odkrili (they discovered).

[edit] Pluperfect indicative

The pluperfect indicative is used to indicate an action that occurred before some other future action. It is rarely used in colloquial speech, where it is replaced by the past tense. The pluperfect is formed as follows: the auxiliary verb biti (to be) in the present tense + l-participle of the auxiliary verb biti (to be) + the l-participle of the lexical verb. The participles must agree with the subject in number and gender. For example, sem bil videl (I had seen), je bila odšla (she had gone), and so bili odkrili (they had discovered).

[edit] Imperative mood

The imperative mood is used to give commands. It does not have a complete conjugation pattern. Forms only exist in the present, as well there are no forms for the first person singular. Most verbs add the endings to the present tense. However, it should be noted that there is often a change of vowel of final consonant.

Personal Endings for the Present Imperative
Number
Person Singular Dual Plural
First -- -iva -imo
Second -i -ita -ite
Third naj + the verb in the appropriate present ending.

The -i- changes to an -j- for verbs whose stem ends in a vowel.

[edit] Conditional mood

The conditional mood is used to express desires, wishes, and hypothetical (often impossible) conditions. There is only a present and past conditional moods; both of which are compound tenses.

The present conditional is form by taking the participle bi plus the l'-participle of the lexical verb. The “bi” participle is a remnant of the original Common Slavic aorist conjugation of the verb biti (to be). The past conditional is formed as follows: the conditional of the verb biti (to be) plus the participle bi plus the l-participle of the lexical verb. Examples of the conditional mood are:

  • Če bi mi postalo slabo, mi, prosim, podajte tiste tablete. (Literally: If it became sick to me, to me, I kindly ask, pass those pills.; If I should become sick, kindly pass me those pills.)
  • V primeru, da bi prišlo do požara, bomo umrli. (Should there be a fire, we would die.)
  • Če bi (bili) končali prej, bi bili zdaj prosti. (If we had finished earlier, we would be free now.)
  • Želi si, da bi bil maneken, vendar s svojimi obraznimi nečistočami nima možnosti. (He wishes that he were a model, but with his facial impurities, he has no chance.)
  • O, da bi bila jesen! (O, if only it were autumn!) (literary)
  • O, ko bi le bila jesen! (O, if only it were autumn!)

[edit] Participles and gerunds

In Slovene, there are 5 participles and 2 gerunds. They are formed as follows:

  • The present active participle in -č, which corresponds to the English participle in -ing. It is formed by taking the short form of the third person plural and adding č. The corresponding gerund, which is rarely used, is formed by adding -e to the imperfective present stem. Examples of this participle are:
    • Otrok, ki joka, je jokajoč otrok. (A child that cries is a crying child.)
    • V sobo je vstopil glasno pojoč. (He entered the room singing loudly.)
  • The past active participle I in -l: This participle is commonly used to form verbs in the past tense. It is formed by adding to the infinitive stem the ending -l for the masculine singular, -la for the feminine singular, -lo for the neuter singular. The other forms are obtained from the appropriate nominative forms. A fill vowel ('-e-) may be inserted in the masculine singular form. The following exception should be noted:
  • After a stem ending in -d-, the -d- can drop out.

Examples of this participle are:

    • Videl sem. (I saw.)
    • Ob tej novici je prebledela. (Upon [hearing] the news, she became pale.)
    • Bleda je. (She is pale.)

An example of the gerund would be:

    • Sede' se je pretegnil. ([While] sitting, he stretched.)
  • The past active II participle in -ši: This participle is rarely used now. On the other hand, the gerund is occasionally encountered. The gerund is formed by adding to the infinitive stem, the ending -ši. A -v- is inserted before this ending if the stem ends in a vowel.
    • Stopivši iz hiše, se je napotil v krčmo. (Having stepped out of the house, he headed to the pub.)
  • The past passive participle in -n'/-t: This participle corresponds to the English participle in -ed or -en. It is formed by adding either -n, -na, -no or -t, -ta, -to to the infinitive stem. Class I verbs and less common Class 5 verbs add an -e- before the endings. while class 2 verbs and the more common Class 5 verbs add an -je-. Finally, nasal and r-stem verbs of Classes 1 and 3, along with Class 3 consonant verbs use the ending in -t. Examples of this participle are:
    • Parkiran avto je bil ukraden. (The parked car was stolen.) (perhaps better in the active voice, "Parkiran avto so ukradli.")
    • Sodišče je sodilo obtoženemu roparju. (The court tried the accused robber.)
    • Spočit konj je čakal na dvorišču. (A rested horse was waiting on the yard.)

When the participles are used as adjectives, there are declined using the adjectival declension.

[edit] Verbal nouns

In Slovene, there are 2 verbal nouns: the supine (namenilnik) and the infinitive (nedoločnik). The infinitive is the basic verb form that ends in -ti, for all verbs except those whose roots end in a velar. In this case, the ending is -či. For example, postati (to become) and peči from a root pek- (to bake).

The supine is used after verbs that designate motion. It is formed by dropping the -i of the infinitive. Thus, postat and peč. For example, the supine would be used in the following sentences, (the supine has been bolded):

  • V novi svet so odšli iskat bogastvo. (They went to the New World to seek fortune.)
  • Pojdi se solit. (Literally, Go salt yourself. This idiomatic statement is used to express annoyance or refusal)
  • Stekli smo pogasit ogenj. (We ran to put out the fire.)

[edit] Sample conjugations of Slovene verbs

The following table present the conjugation pattern for each of the 5 classes, as well as the irregular verbs.

Class I: tres- (to shake)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First tresem sem tresel sem bil tresel bom tresel -- bi tresel bi bil tresel
Second treseš si tresel si bil tresel boš tresel tresi bi tresel bi bil tresel
Third trese je tresel je bil tresel bo tresel naj trese bi tresel bi bil tresel
Dual First treseva sva tresla sva bila tresla bova tresl tresiva bi tresla bi bila tresla
Second treseta sta tresla sta bila tresla bosta tresla tresita bi tresla bi bila tresla
Third treseta sta tresla sta bil tresla bosta tresla naj treseta bi tresla bi bila tresla
Plural First tresemo smo tresli smo bili tresli bomo tresli tresimo bi tresli bi bili tresli
Second tresete ste tresli ste bili tresli boste tresli tresite bi tresli bi bili tresli
Third tresejo so tresli so bili tresli bodo tresli naj tresejo bi tresli bi bili tresli
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active ---
Past Active I tresel tresla treslo tresla tresli tresli tresli tresle tresla
Past Passive raztresen raztresena raztreseno raztresena raztreseni raztreseni raztreseni raztresene raztresena
Gerunds Present Active --- Verbal Nouns Infinitive tresti
Past Active II -- Supine trest

(1)Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

Class II: ven- (to wilt/fade)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First venem sem venel sem bil venel bom venel -- bi venel bi bil venel
Second veneš si venel si bil venel boš venel veni bi venel bi bil venel
Third vene je venel je bil venel bo venel naj vene bi venel bi bil venel
Dual First veneva sva zvenila sva bila zvenila bova zvenil veniva bi zvenila bi bila zvenila
Second veneta sta zvenila sta bila zvenila bosta zvenila venita bi zvenila bi bila zvenila
Third veneta sta zvenila sta bil zvenila bosta zvenila naj veneta bi zvenila bi bila zvenila
Plural First venemo smo zvenili smo bili zvenili bomo zvenili venimo bi zvenili bi bili zvenili
Second venete ste zvenili ste bili zvenili boste zvenili venite bi zvenili bi bili zvenili
Third venejo so zvenili so bili zvenili bodo zvenili naj venejo bi zvenili bi bili zvenili
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active ---
Past Active I zvenil zvenila zvenilo zvenila zvenili zvenili zvenili zvenile zvenila
Past Passive ---
Gerunds Present Active --- Verbal Nouns Infinitive veniti
Past Active II -- Supine venit

(1) Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

Class III: kupu-/kupova- (to buy)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First kupujem sem kupujel sem bil kupujel bom kupujel -- bi kupujel bi bil kupujel
Second kupuješ si kupujel si bil kupujel boš kupujel kupuj bi kupujel bi bil kupujel
Third kupuje je kupujel je bil kupujel bo kupujel naj kupuje bi kupujel bi bil kupujel
Dual First kupujeva sva kupovala sva bila kupovala bova kupoval kupujva bi kupovala bi bila kupovala
Second kupujeta sta kupovala sta bila kupovala bosta kupovala kupujta bi kupovala bi bila kupovala
Third kupujeta sta kupovala sta bil kupovala bosta kupovala naj kupujeta bi kupovala bi bila kupovala
Plural First kupujemo smo kupovali smo bili kupovali bomo kupovali kupujmo bi kupovali bi bili kupovali
Second kupujete ste kupovali ste bili kupovali boste kupovali kupujte bi kupovali bi bili kupovali
Third kupujejo so kupovali so bili kupovali bodo kupovali naj kupujejo bi kupovali bi bili kupovali
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active kupujoč kupujoča kupujoče kupujoča kupujoči kupujoči kupujoči kupujoče kupujoča
Past Active I kupoval kupovala kupovalo kupovala kupovali kupovali kupovali kupovale kupovala
Past Passive kupovan kupovana kupovano kupovana kupovani kupovani kupovani kupovane kupovana
Gerunds Present Active kupovaje Verbal Nouns Infinitive kupovati
Past Active II -- Supine kupovat

(1)Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

Class IV: dela- (to work/do)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First delam sem delal sem bil delal bom delal -- bi delal bi bil delal
Second delaš si delal si bil delal boš delal delaj bi delal bi bil delal
Third dela je delal je bil delal bo delal naj dela bi delal bi bil delal
Dual First delava sva delala sva bila delala bova delal delajva bi delala bi bila delala
Second delaeta sta delala sta bila delala bosta delala delajta bi delala bi bila delala
Third delata sta delala sta bil delala bosta delala naj delata bi delala bi bila delala
Plural First delaemo smo delali smo bili delali bomo delali delajmo bi delali bi bili delali
Second delate ste delali ste bili delali boste delali delajte bi delali bi bili delali
Third delajo so delali so bili delali bodo delali naj delajo bi delali bi bili delali
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active delajoč delajoča delajoče delajoča delajoči delajoči delajoči delajoče delajoča
Past Active I delal delala delalo delala delali delali delali delale delala
Past Passive zdelan zdelana zdelano zdelana zdelani zdelani zdelani zdelane zdelana
Gerunds Present Active --- Verbal Nouns Infinitive delati
Past Active II predelavši Supine delat

(1)Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

Class V: želi- (to wish)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First želim sem želel sem bil želel bom želel -- bi želel bi bil želel
Second želiš si želel si bil želel boš želel želi bi želel bi bil želel
Third želi je želel je bil želel bo želel naj želi bi želel bi bil želel
Dual First želiva sva želela sva bila želela bova želel želiva bi želela bi bila želela
Second želita sta želela sta bila želela bosta želela želita bi želela bi bila želela
Third želita sta želela sta bil želela bosta želela naj želita bi želela bi bila želela
Plural First želimo smo želeli smo bili želeli bomo želeli želimo bi želeli bi bili želeli
Second želite ste želeli ste bili želeli boste želeli želite bi želeli bi bili želeli
Third žele / želijo so želeli so bili želeli bodo želeli naj žele bi želeli bi bili želeli
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active želeč želeča želeče želeča želeči želeči želeči želeče želeča
Past Active I želel želela želelo želela želeli želeli želeli želele želela
Past Passive zažen zažena zaženo zažena zaženi zaženi zaženi zažene zažena
Gerunds Present Active žele Verbal Nouns Infinitive želiti
Past Active II zaželevši Supine želit

(1) Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

The following is the conjugation of the athematic Slovene verbs: dati (to give), vedeti (to know), jesti (to eat), and biti (to be).

Class VI: Athematic Verb dati (to give)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First dam sem dal sem bil dal bom dal -- bi dal bi bil dal
Second daš si dal si bil dal boš dal daj bi dal bi bil dal
Third da je dal je bil dal bo dal naj da bi dal bi bil dal
Dual First dava sva dala sva bila dala bova dal dajva bi dala bi bila dala
Second dasta sta dala sta bila dala bosta dala dajta bi dala bi bila dala
Third dasta sta dala sta bil dala bosta dala naj data bi dala bi bila dala
Plural First damo smo dali smo bili dali bomo dali dajmo bi dali bi bili dali
Second daste ste dali ste bili dali boste dali dajte bi dali bi bili dali
Third dado / dajo so dali so bili dali bodo dali naj dado bi dali bi bili dali
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active ---
Past Active I dal dala dalo dala dali dali dali dale dala
Past Passive dan dana dano dana dani dani dani dane dana
Gerunds Present Active --- Verbal Nouns Infinitive dati
Past Active II podavši Supine dat
Class VI: Athematic Verb vedeti (to know)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First vem sem vedel sem bil vedel bom vedel -- bi vedel bi bil vedel
Second veš si vedel si bil vedel boš vedel vedi bi vedel bi bil vedel
Third ve je vedel je bil vedel bo vedel naj ve bi vedel bi bil vedel
Dual First veva sva vedela sva bila vedela bova vedel vediva bi vedela bi bila vedela
Second vesta sta vedela sta bila vedela bosta vedela vedita bi vedela bi bila vedela
Third vesta sta vedela sta bil vedela bosta vedela naj vesta bi vedela bi bila vedela
Plural First vemo smo vedeli smo bili vedeli bomo vedeli vedimo bi vedeli bi bili vedeli
Second veste ste vedeli ste bili vedeli boste vedeli vedite bi vedeli bi bili vedeli
Third vedo so vedeli so bili vedeli bodo vedeli naj vedo bi vedeli bi bili vedeli
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active vedoč vedoča vedoče vedoča vedoči vedoči vedoči vedoče vedoča
Past Active I vedel vedela vedelo vedela vedeli vedeli vedeli vedele vedela
Past Passive ---
Gerunds Present Active vede Verbal Nouns Infinitive veti
Past Active II zvedevši Supine ---

(1)Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

Compound verbs whose ending is vedeti have imperatives in -vej. Thus, for example, povej, povejte from povedeti (to say).

Class VI: Athematic Verb jesti (to eat)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative (1) Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First jem sem jedel sem bil jedel bom jedel -- bi jedel bi bil jedl
Second ješ si jedel si bil jedel boš jedel jej bi jedel bi bil jedl
Third je je jedel je bil jedl bo jedl naj je bi jedl bi bil jedel
Dual First jeva sva jedla sva bila jedla bova jedl jejva bi jedla bi bila jedla
Second jesta sta jedla sta bila jedla bosta jedla jejta bi jedla bi bila jedla
Third jesta sta jedla sta bil jedla bosta jedla naj jeta bi jedla bi bila jedla
Plural First jemo smo jedli smo bili jedli bomo jedli jejmo bi jedli bi bili jedli
Second jeste ste jedli ste bili jedli boste jedli jejte bi jedli bi bili jedli
Third jejo / jedo so jedli so bili jedli bodo jedli naj jedo bi jedli bi bili jedli
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active ---
Past Active I jedel / jel jedla / jela jedlo / jelo jedla / jela jedli / jeli jedli / jeli jedli / jeli jedle / jele jedla / jela
Past Passive pojeden pojedena pojedeno pojedena pojedeni pojedeni pojedeni pojedene pojedena
Gerunds Present Active jede Verbal Nouns Infinitive jeti
Past Active II pojevši Supine jet

(1) Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

Class VI: Athematic Verb biti (to be)
Tenses
Number Person Present Indicative Past Indicative (1) Pluperfect Indicative (1) Future Indicative Imperative Present Conditional (1) Past Conditional (1)
Singular First sem sem bil sem bil bil bom -- bi bil bi bil bil
Second si si bil si bil bil boš bodi bi bil bi bil bil
Third je je bil je bil bil bo naj je bi bil bi bil bil
Dual First sva sva bila sva bila bila bova bodiva bi bila bi bila bila
Second sta sta bila sta bila bila bosta bodita bi bila bi bila bila
Third sta sta bila sta bil bila bosta naj sta bi bila bi bila bila
Plural First smo smo bili smo bili bili bomo bodimo bi bili bi bili bili
Second ste ste bili ste bili bili boste bodite bi bili bi bili bili
Third so so bili so bili bili bodo naj so bi bili bi bili bili
Participles, Gerunds, and Verbal Nouns
Singular Dual Plural
Name Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Participles Present Active prihodnji prihodnja prihodnje prihodnja prihodnji prihodnji prihodnji prihodnje prihodnja
Past Active I bil bila bilo bila bili bili bili bile bila
Past Passive ---
Gerunds Present Active --- Verbal Nouns Infinitive biti
Past Active II bivši Supine ---

(1)Indicates that the participle must agree with the subject of the sentence.

In the future, there also exist forms with an inserted -de between the stem bo- and the ending. For example, bodem for bom. The negative form of the verb, (to not be), is formed by attaching ni to the present indicative forms.

[edit] References

  • De Bray, R. G. A. Introduction to Slavonic Languages. London, 1951.

[edit] External links

For a list of words relating to Slovene verbs, see the Slovene verbs category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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