Simon Sechter
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Simon Sechter (October 11, 1788 – September 10, 1867) was a Austrian music theorist, teacher, organist, conductor and composer.
Sechter was born in Friedberg (Frymburk), Bohemia, then part of the Austrian Empire, and moved to Vienna in 1804, succeeding Jan Vořišek as court organist there in 1824. In 1810 he began teaching piano and voice at an academy for blind students. In 1828 the ailing Franz Schubert had one counterpoint lesson with him. In 1851 Sechter was appointed professor of composition at the Vienna Conservatorium. In his last years, Sechter was generous to a fault, and died in poverty. He was succeeded at the Conservatorium by Anton Bruckner, a former student whose teaching methods were based on Sechter's.
Others whom Sechter taught include the composer Henri Vieuxtemps, the conductor Franz Lachner, the teacher Eduard Marxsen (who taught Johannes Brahms piano and counterpoint), Gustav Nottebohm, Carl Umlauf, and the pianist-composers Sigismond Thalberg and Adolf von Henselt, to list a few.
Sechter had strict teaching methods. For instance, he forbade Bruckner to write any original compositions while studying counterpoint with him. The scholar Robert Simpson believes that "Sechter unknowingly brought about Bruckner's originality by insisting that it be suppressed until it could no longer be contained." Sechter taught Bruckner by mail from 1855 to 1861 and considered Bruckner his most dedicated pupil. Upon Bruckner's graduation, Sechter wrote a fugue dedicated to his student.
In the three-volume treatise on the principles of composition, Die Grundsätze der musikalischen Komposition, Sechter wrote a seminal work that influenced many later theorists. Sechter's ideas are derived from Jean-Philippe Rameau's theories of the fundamental bass, always diatonic even when the surface is highly chromatic. Sechter was an advocate of just intonation over well-tempered tuning.
Carl C. Müller compiled and adapted Sechter's Die richtige Folge der Grundharmonien as The Correct Order of Fundamental Harmonies: A Treatise on Fundamental Basses, and their Inversions and Substitutes (Wm. A. Pond, 1871; G. Schirmer, 1898).
Sechter was also a composer, and in that capacity is mostly remembered for writing about 5,000 fugues (he tried to write at least one fugue every day), but he also wrote masses and oratorios. He may have been the most prolific composer who ever lived, outdoing even Georg Philipp Telemann in the quantity of his output.
