Simcha Blass
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Simcha Blass (or Symcha Blass; November 27, 1897 – July 18, 1982; Hebrew:שמחה בלאס) was an Israeli water engineer, a main figure of water development in Israel, initiator, introducer and developer of new drip irrigation systems, inventor of new dripper (with his son Yeshayahu).
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[edit] Early life
Simcha Blass was born in Warsaw, Poland, which was then part of the Russian Empire, to a Jewish orthodox family. He was active in the Jewish self-defense units organized in Warsaw to defend Jews during the end of World War I. His engineering studies in Warsaw were interrupted by the Polish-Soviet War and completed after that war. During the war, he was recruited to the Polish Army, there he invented for the Polish Air Force, a meteorological appliance, measuring the intensity and direction of winds.
Later, he invented, patented and developed an operative wheat planting machine, which was tested in Europe and in Palestine (1927), but proved uneconomical. The main motivation for this invention was Zionism (i.e. enabling more Jews settle in Palestine). Zionism was the main drive for most of his other activities in adult life.
[edit] Water engineering in the "Yishuv" and in Israel
During the years 1930 – 1948 he was the most known water engineer in the Jewish “Yishuv” of Palestine. He planned the first modern aqueduct in the Jordan valley. He was the Chief Engineer and one of the founders (with Levi Eshkol and Pinchas Sapir) of Mekorot water company (established 1937, now Israel's national water company). Later, he planned the first water pipeline to the Negev. The pipes for which had been used in London during The Blitz for extinguishing fire and bought by Blass after World War II. This pipeline enabled the establishment of 11 new Jewish settlements in the Negev (which was under the British Mandate of Palestine) on a single evening (Yom Kipur night) in 1946 (but also served Arab Bedouins). The Jewish settlements in the Negev had a major role influencing the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) to include most of the Negev within the boundaries of the recommended Jewish state.
In 1948 to 1956 Blass was the founder and director of the governmental water institutions of the new state of Israel, the official councillor of the government on water affairs and head of planners of the Israeli National Water Carrier.
[edit] Drip Irrigation
In the early 1930s, a farmer drew his attention to a big tree, growing in his backyard “without water”.
Digging below the apparently dry surface of the soil, Simcha Blass discovered why: water from a leaking coupling was causing a small wet area on the surface, while an expanding onion shaped area of underground water was reaching the roots of this particular tree - and not the others. This sight of tiny drops penetrating to the soil and growing a giant tree penetrated also to Blass’s mind. The drip irrigation concept was born and experiments that followed led Blass to create an irrigation device that used friction and water pressure loss to leak drops of water at regular intervals. Recognizing the high potential of his discovery, he began to look for ways to turn his idea into a product.
But only in the late 1950s, with the advent of modern plastics during and after World War II, that he made a major step implementing his idea. After leaving government service in 1956 he reopened his private Engineering office and worked with his son Yeshayahu on the drip irrigation idea. The main idea of the new invention was to release water through larger and longer passageways (rather than tiny holes) by using friction to slow water inside a plastic emitter. Larger passageways prevented blocking tiny holes by very small particles. The first experimental system of this type was established in 1959. In the early 1960s, Blass developed and patented this method and the new dripper was the first practical surface drip irrigation emitter.
[edit] The "Online" Dripper and Kibbutz Hatzerim
For the desert-based Kibbutz Hatzerim looking to expand its activities beyond agriculture, Simcha Blass’s invention opened up a world of possibilities. Blass and Kibbutz Hatzerim signed a contract and 1965 saw the Netafim Irrigation Company’s first production facility erected among the kibbutz fields. With Blass’s original narrow spaghetti tube model as the starting point, Netafim engineers working with Blass, developed the first online dripper - indeed allowing the desert to bloom.
[edit] References
- Water in Strife and Action (Hebrew: מי מריבה ומעש) by Simcha Blass, Massada limited, 1973
[edit] External links
- Special CollectionStanford University Library
- Simcha Blass in Netafim site
