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Following the success of the First Crusade and the failure of the Crusade of 1101, the Turks resumed their offensive operations against the Byzantines. Emperor Alexios I Komnenos, suffering from old age was unable to deal with the swift Turkish raids into what was left of Byzantine Anatolia. However, the Sultanate of Iconium was finally brought to battle when it unsuccessfully laid siege to Nicaea.
[edit] References
Norwich, John Julius (1997). A Short History of Byzantium. New York: Vintage Books.
- ^ Norwich, John Julius (1997). A Short History of Byzantium. New York: Vintage Books, p. 264.