Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea
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Sidney Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea (16 September 1810 – 2 August 1861) was an English statesman.
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[edit] Early life
He was the younger son of the 11th Earl of Pembroke; his mother being the Russian noblewoman Countess Catherine Woronzoff (or Vorontsova), daughter of the Russian ambassador to St James's, Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov. Educated at Harrow and Oriel College, Oxford, he made a reputation at the Oxford Union as a speaker.
[edit] Career
Herbert entered the House of Commons as Conservative member of Parliament for a division of Wiltshire in 1832. Under Peel he held minor offices, and in 1845 was included in the cabinet as Secretary at War, and again held this office from 1852 to 1855, being responsible for the War Office during the Crimean War, and again in 1859.
Herbert ran the Pembroke family estates, centred at Wilton House, Wiltshire, for most of his adult life. His elder half-brother, Robert, 12th Earl of Pembroke (1791–1862), had chosen to live in exile in Paris after a disastrous marriage in 1814 (annulled 1818) to a Sicilian princess, Ottavia Spinelli (1779–1857), widow of Prince Ercole Branciforte di Butera, and dau. of the Duke of Laurino, and a subsequent liaison with Alexina Gallot, which resulted in four illegitimate children.
It was Sidney Herbert who sent Florence Nightingale out to the Crimea, and he led the movement for War Office reform after the war. The hard work entailed caused a breakdown in his health, so that in July 1861, having been created a baron in the peerage of the United Kingdom, he had to resign office, and died on the 2nd of August 1861. His statue was placed in front of the War Office in Pall Mall, London.
[edit] Family
In the early 1840s, Herbert had an affair with the noted society beauty and author Caroline Norton, who was unable to get a divorce from an abusive husband, so that the relationship ended in 1846.
In 1846 Sidney Herbert married Elizabeth (d. 1911), only dau. of Lt.-Gen. Charles Ash à Court-Repington and niece of William à Court, 1st Baron Heytesbury. She was a philanthropist, author and translator, and a friend of Benjamin Disraeli and Cardinal Vaughan. After her husband's death, Lady Herbert became an Ultramontane Roman Catholic, along with their eldest daughter, Mary.
Sidney and Elizabeth Herbert had seven children:
- George Robert Charles Herbert (1850–1895), who succeeded in the title and later became the 13th Earl of Pembroke, and the barony is now merged in that earldom.
- Sidney Herbert (1853–1913), also a Member of Parliament, who succeeded his brother as the 14th Earl of Pembroke.
- William Reginald Herbert, b. 1854, lost at sea aboard H.M.S. Captain, aged 18.
- Michael Henry Herbert (The Hon. Sir Michael Herbert) (1857–1904), a diplomat who ended his career as British Ambassador to the USA in Washington DC in succession to Lord Pauncefote, after whom the town of Herbert in Saskatchewan, Canada, is named. He m. 1888 Lelia ('Belle'), daughter of Richard Wilson, a Kentucky whisky manufacturer, and had (with one other son) Sir Sidney Herbert, 1st Baronet.
- Mary Catherine (1849–1935), who m. 1873 the great modernist theologian, Baron (Freiherr) Friedrich von Hügel.
- Elizabeth Maud (1851–1933), who m. 1872 the composer, Sir Charles Hubert Parry, 1st Baronet (son of Thomas Gambier Parry), of Highnam Court, near Gloucester.
- (Constance) Gladwys (1859–1917), who m. 1st 1878 St.George Henry Lowther, 4th Earl of Lonsdale (issue, 1 daughter) and m. 2ndly 1885 Frederick Oliver Robinson, the Earl de Grey, later 2nd and last Marquess of Ripon (no issue).
Sidney Herbert is buried in the church at Wilton, rebuilt by him in neo-Romanesque style, with a marble monumental effigy of him beside Elizabeth, his wife.
Herbert Sound in the Antarctic and Pembroke, Ontario in Canada are named after Sidney Herbert.
[edit] See also
Michael Henry Herbert (The Hon. Sir Michael Herbert) (1857–1904), a diplomat who ended his career as British Ambassador to the USA in Washington DC in succession to Lord Pauncefote, after whom the town of Herbert in Saskatchewan, Canada, is named. He m. 1888 Lelia ('Belle'), daughter of Richard Thornton Wilson, Senior, a Kentucky cotton broker and investment banker, and had (with one other son) Sir Sidney Herbert, 1st Baronet.
[edit] Sources
- Sir Tresham Lever, The Herberts of Wilton (Murray, 1967)
- Burke's Peerage, 107th edition
| Parliament of the United Kingdom | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by (constituency created) |
Member of Parliament for South Wiltshire 1832–1861 |
Succeeded by Frederick Hervey-Bathurst |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Robert Gordon James Mackenzie |
Joint Secretary of the Board of Control 1834–1835 |
Succeeded by Robert Gordon Robert Vernon Smith |
| Preceded by John Parker |
First Secretary of the Admiralty 1841–1845 |
Succeeded by Henry Thomas Lowry-Corry |
| Preceded by Sir Thomas Fremantle |
Secretary at War 1845–1846 |
Succeeded by Fox Maule |
| Preceded by William Beresford |
Secretary at War 1852–1854 |
Succeeded by The Duke of Newcastle |
| Preceded by Sir George Grey, Bt |
Secretary of State for the Colonies 1855 |
Succeeded by The Lord John Russell |
| Preceded by Jonathan Peel |
Secretary of State for War 1859–1861 |
Succeeded by Sir George Cornewall Lewis, Bt |
| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| Preceded by (new creation) |
Baron Herbert of Lea 1861 |
Succeeded by George Herbert |
