Shomer Emunim (Hasidic dynasty)
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Shomer Emunim (meaning "Guardian of the Faith") is a devout, insular Hasidic sect. It was founded in the 20th century by Rabbi Arele (Aharon) Roth. Based in Meah Shearim, Jerusalem, its dress code includes the traditional Jerusalemite white yarmulke and gold-coloured bekishe and requires married women to cover their hair without wearing wigs.
The Shomrei Emunim are characterized by fervent and visibily emotional prayer, and by a rigid lifestyle controlled largely by "takanos," or decrees written by the Rebbe. One such decree, for example, forbade wearing wool (Jewish law forbids wearing anything that contains both wool and linen. Rabbi Aharon worried that it would be safest not to wear wool at all, in order to avoid the possibility of violating the law altogether). See Sefer Takanos v'Hadrochos.
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[edit] Dynastical History and Divide
Grand Rabbi Aharon Roth, or Reb Arele (as his Hasidim sometimes call him, affectionately) was known to pray especially fervently. According to one story, he regularly had to change his clothes twice during the Sabbath morning service. While the normal service might be two or three hours long, Rabbi Aharon frequently drew the service out for five or more hours.
Rabbi Aharon was known to be very anti-Zionist, and many of his Chassidim today continue that tradition. They owe their strong opinions on Zionism to the literal reading of the Talmud's proclamation that Jews should not take over the holy land prior to the coming of the Messiah. (For more information about this subject, see Satmar's opposition to Zionism. While Rabbi Aharon's opposition to Zionism predated the publication of the Satmar Rov's book VaYoel Moshe, the Satmar Rov's reasoning and Rabbi Aharon's reasoning for opposing Zionism are similar if not identical.)
When Rabbi Aharon died, his son and his son-in-law both became rebbes in their own right. What follows is the dynastic chain:
- Rebbe Aharon "Reb Areleh" Roth (d. 1946) - author of Shomrei Emunim, Shulchan HaTahor, and Taharas HaKodesh - founding Rebbe of Shomrei Emunim dynasty in Satmar, Hungary and Jerusalem.
- Rebbe Avraham Chaim Roth - present Shomrei Emumin Rebbe in Jerusalem and Bnei Brak - son of "Reb Areleh" Roth.
- Rebbe Avraham Yitzchok Kahn (d. 1996) - author of Divrei Emunah - previous Toldos Aharon Rebbe of Jerusalem - son-in-law of "R' Areleh" Roth.
- Rebbe Shmuel Yaakov Kahn - present Toldos Avraham Yitzchok Rebbe in Jerusalem - eldest son of the previous Toldos Aharon Rebbe.
- Rebbe Dovid Kahn - present Toldos Aharon Rebbe in Jerusalem - son of the previous Toldos Aharon Rebbe.
[edit] Shomrei Emunim group
Rabbi Aharon's son, Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Roth, inherited Rabbi Arele's shul in Jerusalem and the name and title "Shomer Emunim" and become Rebbe and Rabbi Arele's successor recognized as such by the Belzer Rebbe and Rabbi Shlomke of Zhvil.
Approximately ten years after becoming Shomrei Emunim Rebbe, Rabbi Aharon's son also opened a second shul in Bnei Brak, and today he divides his time between Jerusalem and Bnei Brak, as well occasional visits to his shul in Ashdod (headed by the Rebbe's son Rabbi Aharon Roth, the Shomrei Emunim Rov) and to Tifrach.
The Shomrei Emunim Rebbe has four sons who are involved in Shomrei Emunim, and five sons-in-law, all of whom are rebbes in their own right.
The Shomer Emunim group is more moderate than the Toldos Aharon - Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok group and is informilly affiliated with Agudath Israel. The Rebbe himself does not vote, but he encourages his Hasidim to vote.
[edit] Toldos Aharon - Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok group
Rabbi Aharon's son-in-law, Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak Kohn, adopted the name Toldos Aharon (which means the "Generations of Aharon"). Most of Reb Arele's followers left to follow the son-in-law, Rabbi Kohn.
Rabbi Avraham Yitzchak Kohn, the previous Toldos Aharon Rebbe, died during Hanukkah of 1996. Rabbi Kohn had many sons, two of whom are rebbes today. After Rabbi Kohn died, these two sons came to an agreement whereby the younger son Rabbi Duvid Kohn from Monsey, New York, a disciple of the Satmar Rebbe, inherited the title "Toldos Aharon Rebbe". The eldest son, Rabbi Shmuel Yaakov Kohn, a disciple of the Viznitzer Rebbe, became a rebbe as well, of a group that was entitled Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok named after his father, the previous rebbe of the group. The main beis medrash of Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok is also in Meah Shearim, one block away from the Toldos Aharon building. Both live in Jerusalem. Another son is a rosh yeshiva in Kiryas Joel, New York.
Toldos Aharon and Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok are virulently anti-Zionist.
 The founder of the Toldos Aharon dynasty, Rabbi Avrohom Yitzchok Kohn, son-in-law of Rabbi Aharon Roth |
 Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Roth, the Shomer Emunim Rebbe of Jerusalem and Bnei Brak, son of Rabbi Arele Roth |
 Rabbi Duvid Kohn of Toldos Aaron |
 Rabbi Shmuel Yaakov Kohn of Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok |
[edit] Hasidic Books of the Shomer Emunim, Toldos Aharon, and Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok groups
In addition to those books which are revered by all Hasidic Jews, the Toldos Aharon Hasidim particularly revere the books, Shomer Emunim, Shulchan HaTahor, and Taharas HaKodesh, by Rebbe Aharon Roth, and Divrei Emunoh by Rebbe Avrohom Yitzchok Kahn. The version of the prayer book used by Toldos Aharon Hasidim is called Brochoh u'Tehilloh. The Toldos Avrohom Yitzchok Hasidim have published a weekday prayer book called, Tehillas Avrohom Yitzchok, but also use the Brochoh u'Tehilloh version as well.
The previous Rebbe of Toldos Aharon, R' Avrohom Yitzchok, was said to have instructed his followers to learn the works of Rabbi Aharon HaLevi of Staroshelye (pronounced Strashelye), which include "Sha'arei HaYichud VeHaEmunoh," "Sha'arei Avoda," and "Avodas HaLevi." The Staroselyer Rebbe was a follower of the first Rebbe of Chabad, Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi. After the passing of R' Shneur Zalman, R' Aharon HaLevi started his own Chassidic following, an offshoot of Chabad, in Staroselye.
[edit] External links
- Toldos Avraham Yitzchak - a forum in Yiddish
- Video Clips of the Toldos Aharon Rebbe
- A Video Clip of the Toldos Avraham Yitzchak Rebbe
- Audio Recording of the Toldos Avraham Yitzchak Rebbe singing and speaking at the end of the Sabbat on December 10, 2005, with picture
- Information about and Divrei Torah from R' Aharon Roth and R' Avraham Yitzchak Kahn
