Shigematsu Sakaibara
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| Shigematsu Sakaibara | |
|---|---|
| 28 December 1898 - 18 June 1947[1] | |
 Admiral Shigematsu Sakaibara (seated third from left) signing the surrender of Wake Island aboard USS Levy - 4 September 1945. |
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| Place of birth | Yamagata Prefecture, Japan |
| Place of death | Guam |
| Allegiance | Empire of Japan |
| Service/branch |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Years of service | 1918-1945 |
| Rank | Rear Admiral |
| Commands held | 65th Base Garrison (Wake Island) |
| Battles/wars | World War II Battle of Wake Island |
- In this Japanese name, the family name is Sakaibara.
Shigematsu Sakaibara (酒井原 繁松 Sakaibara Shigematsu?, 28 December 1898 - 18 June 1947) was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy and the Japanese garrison commander on Wake Island during World War II.
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[edit] Biography
A native of Yamagata prefecture in northern Japan, Sakaibara was a graduate of the 46th class of the Imperial Japanese Navy Academy in 1918, placing 36th in a class of 124. He served his midshipman tour on the cruiser Tokiwa, and after commissioning as an ensign was assigned to Hirado. He later served on the destroyer Kaba and battleship Mutsu.
As a sub-lieutenant he served on the Iwate and after his promotion to lieutenant on 1 December 1924, he was assigned to the Hiei, Yura, and Sendai. He was chief gunnery officer on the Tatsuta. Promoted to lieutenant commander in 1930, he served as chief gunner officer on Takao in 1934, followed by Mutsu in 1935. He was executive officer on Chikuma in 1939. After his promotion to captain in 1940, he served on a number of staff positions.
After the Battle of Wake Island on 23 December 1941, Sakaibara was appointed garrison commander of the Japanese occupation force. Fearing an imminent attempt by America to retake the island, Sakaibara ordered the American prisoners of war to build a series of bunkers and fortifications. However, instead of attempting an amphibious invasion, the United States Navy established a submarine blockade, causing the Japanese garrison to starve. United States forces bombed the island periodically from 1942 until Japan's surrender in 1945.
On 5 October 1943, aircraft from USS Yorktown bombed Wake Island. Two days later, fearing an imminent invasion, Sakaibara ordered the murder of the 98 civilian prisoners remaining on Wake Island. They were taken to the northern end of the island, blindfolded and machine-gunned. One prisoner (whose name has never been discovered) escaped, but was recaptured and personally beheaded by Sakaibara.
Sakaibara was promoted to rear admiral a year later, on 15 October 1944. The Japanese garrison on Wake Island formally surrendered to the United States on 7 September 1945.
After the war, Sakaibara was taken into custody by the American occupation authorities, extradited to Guam, and sentenced to death by a military tribunal for war crimes in connection with his actions in the "Wake Island Massacre". He was hanged on 18 June 1947. Until the end, he maintained "I think my trial was entirely unfair and the proceeding unfair, and the sentence too harsh, but I obey with pleasure."[2]
[edit] References
[edit] Books
- Devereaux, Colonel James P.S., USMC (1947). The Story of Wake Island. The Battery Press. ISBN 0-89839-264-0.
- Fuller, Richard (1992). Shokan: Hirohito's Samurai. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 1854091514.
- Sloan, Bill (2003). Given up for Dead: America's Heroic Stand at Wake Island. Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-80302-6.
- Uwrin, Gregory J.W. (1997). Facing Fearful Odds: The Siege of Wake Island. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-9562-6.
[edit] External links
- Nishida, Hiroshi. Imperial Japanese Navy. Retrieved on 2007-08-25.
- The Defense of Wake
- A Magnificent Fight: Marines in the Battle for Wake Island
- Part Three: The Defense of Wake
- Wake Island Civilian Survivors Association
- Spennemann, Dirk H.R. (2000-2005). To Hell and Back: Wake During and After World War II (English). Digital Micronesia. Charles Sturt University. Retrieved on January 23, 2007.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy.
- ^ Hubbs, Mark E.. Massacre on Wake Island. Retrieved on 2006-06-03.
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