Shawangunk Kill

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Shawangunk Kill
The Shawangunk Kill where it divides Orange and Ulster counties.
Origin	Town of Greenville, New York
Mouth	Wallkill River W of Gardiner
Basin countries	United States
Length	35 miles (56 km)
Source elevation	~1,240 feet (~378 m)
Mouth elevation	~180 feet (55 m)
Avg. discharge	138 cubic feet/s (3.9 m³/s)
Basin area	147 square miles (380 km²)

The Shawangunk Kill is a stream that flows northward through Orange, Sullivan and Ulster counties, New York in the United States. It is the largest tributary of the Wallkill River.

It takes its name from the neighboring Shawangunk Ridge, where it rises in the Town of Greenville, then flowing down into the valley. For part of its length, it forms the northwestern boundary of Orange County, with first Sullivan and then Ulster along the other side.

1 Course
2 Natural history
3 Geology
4 Crossings
5 Tributaries
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

[edit] Course

From its source in Greenville, the Shawangunk flows steadily northeastward to Mill Pond, near Mount Hope, by which point it has already lost almost half its original elevation. It passes through fields and woods east of Otisville. At the hamlet of New Vernon, it becomes the Orange-Sullivan county line and shortly thereafter receives its first named tributary, the Little Shawangunk Kill.

It begins to widen a bit at Bloomingburg, and north of that community it is crossed by NY 17, the busiest road along the kill. Several miles to the north, the confluence of another tributary, the Platte Kill, marks the point where Orange, Sullivan and Ulster counties come together as the stream bends slightly towards a more eastern heading.

Pine Bush eventually rises on the east, and a few more miles north of that hamlet the kill becomes the exclusive property of Ulster County when the boundary returns to land at Orange County's northernmost point. The Shawangunk continues to meander into a wider and wider valley, populated mostly with farms and woodlots, the mountain ridge spreading across the western sky. Finally, it curves due east and joins the Wallkill just south of US 44-NY 55 near Gardiner.

The lower Shawangunk habitat region as identified by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

[edit] Natural history

In the early 1990s, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, when it was researching the fate of the former Galeville air base site (now Shawangunk Grasslands National Wildlife Refuge) found that the lower Shawangunk (from its mouth to Pine Bush) supports an unusually diverse plant and animal community for the region due to the absence of any serious impoundment along the upper river. It reported no less than six species of freshwater mussels, including the rare swollen wedge mussel, and 31 species of fish. Among the latter were the rare Notropis amoenus (comely shiner), Notropis stramineus (sand shiner), Percina caproedes (logperch), Lepomis auritis (redbreasted sunfish) and Noteris insignus (margined madtom).^[1]

The study found that the region supports the only known community of Diarrhena obovata (beakgrass) in the state. Other rare plants in the lower Shawangunk Kill include threadfoot on submerged ledges, sharp-winged monkeyflower, wingstem and redfooted flatsedge along the stream itself, with Davis' sedge, swamp agrimony, Aster vimeneus (small white aster) and violet bushclover joining the beakgrass in the flood plains.^[1]

Due to the minimal development (mostly agricultural) within much of its watershed, there is very little pollution.^[1]

[edit] Geology

The river bedrock is predominantly shale, covered by silty loam soils left behind by past glaciation. The streambed itself varies from solid rock to particulates such as gravel, sand and clay. Geologically, the Shawangunk valley is part of the Ridge-and-valley Appalachians, typified by the Shawangunk Ridge to the west and the lower Hoagerburgh Ridge to the east.^[1]

[edit] Crossings

North to south, going upriver

Albany Post Road (Ulster County Route 9)
McKinstry Road (Ulster County Route 7A)
Hoagerburgh Road (Ulster County Route 18)
Wallkill Avenue (Town of Crawford, Orange County)/Bruyn Turnpike (Town of Shawangunk, Ulster County)
Hardenbugh Road
NY 52
Ulsterville Road
Crawford Street
Orange County Route 48/Sullivan County Route 66
Petticoat Lane
NY 17
Orange County 76/Sullivan County 171
Spruce Road
New Vernon Road (Orange County Route 18)
Shoddy Hollow Road
Metro-North Port Jervis Line
Carboy Road
NY 211
Mount Hope Road (Orange County Route 11)
Guymard Turnpike (Orange County Route 24)
Kohler Road
Eatontown Road
Fort Van Tyle Road
Springbrook Road
Mullock Road