Shasta language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Shasta | ||
|---|---|---|
| Spoken in: | United States | |
| Region: | primarily northern California | |
| Language extinction: | by end of 20th century | |
| Language family: | Shastan Shasta |
|
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | nai | |
| ISO 639-3: | sht | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
The Shasta language was a Shastan language spoken from northern California into southwestern Oregon. In 1980, only two fluent speakers, both elderly, were alive. Today the language is extinct, and all Shasta people now speak English.
Contents |
[edit] Sounds
[edit] Consonants
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | Plain | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ | |
| Ejective | /pʼ/ | /tʼ/ | /kʼ/ | |||
| Affricate | Plain | /ʦ/ | /ʧ/ | |||
| Ejective | /ʦʼ/ | /ʧʼ/ | ||||
| Fricative | /s/ | /x/ | /h/ | |||
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | ||||
| Rhotic | /r/ | |||||
| Semivowel | /w/ | /j/ | ||||
Length was distinctive for consonants in Shasta. The affricates were generally spelled <c> and <č>, and the ejectives indicated by an apostrophe written over the character. The phoneme /j/ was spelled <y>.
[edit] Vowels
Shasta had four vowels, /i/ /e/ /a/ /u/, with contrastive length, and two tones: high tone, marked with an acute accent, and low tone, which was unmarked.
[edit] References
- Mithun, Marianne. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
