Shanghai Pudong International Airport
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| Shanghai Pudong International Airport 上海浦东国际机场 Shànghǎi Pǔdōng Guójì Jīchǎng |
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| IATA: PVG – ICAO: ZSPD | |||
| Summary | |||
| Airport type | Public | ||
| Operator | Shanghai Airport Authority | ||
| Serves | Shanghai | ||
| Location | Pudong District, Shanghai | ||
| Elevation AMSL | 13 ft / 4 m | ||
| Coordinates | |||
| Website | |||
| Runways | |||
| Direction | Length | Surface | |
| ft | m | ||
| 16/34 | 12,467 | 3,800 | Concrete |
| 17L/35R | 13,123 | 4,000 | Concrete |
| 17R/35L | 11,154 | 3,400 | Concrete |
Shanghai Pudong International Airport (IATA: PVG, ICAO: ZSPD) (SSE: 600009) (simplified Chinese: 上海浦东国际机场; traditional Chinese: 上海浦東國際機場; pinyin: Shànghǎi Pǔdōng Guójì Jīchǎng) is a major aviation hub in Asia, particularly in the East Asian region, and is the primary international airport serving Shanghai of the People's Republic of China. Located about 30 kilometres from the city centre, it occupies a 40 kilometre square site adjacent to the coastline in the eastern edge of Pudong district within the boundaries of the Shanghai Municipality.
The airport is organised around two main passenger terminals, flanked on both sides by three parallel runways. Current airport masterplans call for the building of a third passenger terminal, a satellite terminal and two additional runways by 2015, raising its capacity from the current 60 million passengers annually to 80 million, along with the ability to handle six million tonnes of air freight[1]. A station for the Shanghai Maglev Train is sited between the passenger teminals, providing the world's first commercial high-speed maglev service to downtown Pudong in 7 minutes and 20 seconds. The airport is open round the clock, one of the few Chinese airports to do so.
The airport is the main hub for China Eastern Airlines and Shanghai Airlines, and a major international hub for Air China. A total of 28.92 million passengers passed through the airport in 2007, 45% higher than the 20 million capacity of Terminal 1 which was the sole operating terminal during that period[2], making the airport the 3rd busiest in the People's Republic of China. However, it handles more international passengers than Beijing Capital International Airport[3], currently the busiest Chinese airport in terms of total passengers handled, with 17,518,790 international passengers handled in 2007, a 9.0% increase over the previous year. It is also a major hub for the handling of air freight, with 2,494,808 metric tonnes handled in 2007 and making it the fifth busiest in the world in terms of freight traffic. Freight traffic grew 15.5% in 2007, and is likely to increase further when the new West Cargo Terminal Area becomes operational in the first half of 2008.
(Note: Flights to/from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan are classified as "international" in terms of airport operations because these areas are under separate customs and immigration jurisdictions. Politically, however, these flights are not called "international" because the People's Republic of China considers these areas part of China.)
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[edit] History
[edit] Early development
Prior to the establishment of Pudong International Airport, Hongqiao International Airport was the primary airport of Shanghai. During the 1990s, the expansion of Hongqiao was impossible as the urban area surrounding Hongqiao was developing significantly. As a result, the government had to seek an alternative for Hongqiao International Airport to take all of its international flights. A suitable site was at the coast of the Pudong development zone to the east of Shanghai. The airport was significantly funded by a 40-billion-yen (~400 million USD) grant from Japan.
The airport opened on October 1, 1999, replacing Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport as Shanghai's international airport and taking over all of its international flights, including regional flights to Hong Kong and Macau. The first phase of the airport began in October 1997 and took two years to build at a cost of RMB 12 billion (1.67 billion USD). It covers an area of 40 kilometers squared and is around 30 km from downtown Shanghai. The first phase of the airport has one 4E category runway (4000mx60m) along with two parallel taxiways, an 800,000 m2 apron, seventy-six aircraft positions and 50,000m2 cargo warehouse.
A second runway was opened March 17, 2005, the third runway set to become operational in 2008 and a fourth runway in planning stage. Construction of the second terminal has now been completed and opened March 26, 2008. The third terminal is currently at planning stage. The master plan calls for a total of three terminals, two satellite halls, and five parallel runways, ultimately for a capacity of 100 million passengers per year.
Limited international services resumed at Hongqiao Airport in October 2007 with flights to Tokyo International Airport (Haneda) and in November 2007, flights to Gimpo International Airport in Seoul. This is believed to be a major effort to provide convenience to business travelers, a practice already in place between Haneda and Gimpo for years. Hongqiao, Haneda and Gimpo are much closer to their respective metro centers than their newer but remote international gateways Pudong, Narita and Incheon.
[edit] Expansion
In 2004, the airport handled nearly 500 flights per day, carrying more than 21 million passengers per year in and out of China's most populated city. Shanghai Pudong International Airport is ranked sixth-busiest in terms of cargo traffic, and 28th in terms of in international passenger traffic. It is also ranked 40th in Passenger traffic, carrying 26,790,826 passengers in and out of the airport. It is the eighth-busiest airport in Asia in passenger traffic.
Shanghai Pudong International Airport had recently experienced massive increases, thus never falling below a 10% growth rate of cargo. From 2002–2003, it had seen near double growth of cargo traffic; 87.3% in that period. From 2002–2006, it has risen from 26th place to 6th place in cargo traffic, with cargo traffic tripling since 2002. In 2006, it had a growth rate of 16.8% while Narita (Tokyo) experienced a -0.5% decrease and Incheon with an 8.7% increase. It may surpass Narita International Airport within a few years and Incheon International Airport to become fourth place in cargo and later Hong Kong International Airport, which is the busiest cargo hub in Asia and second-largest in the world. Complementing that, UPS and DHL will be adding hubs in the next few years and therefore, Pudong will become the first airport to have two international cargo express hubs.
Pudong sees many aircraft movements during rush hour times, resulting in most planes having to park on the apron. To alleviate this, construction of phase two (including a 2nd terminal, a third runway and a cargo terminal) started during December 2005 and is scheduled to be fully complete before the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics[1]. Terminal 2, located behind Terminal 1, opened on March 26, 2008 (same day as the official opening of Terminal 3 at Beijing Capital International Airport), adding an additional capacity of 40 million passengers a year. Once phase two is fully complete, it will give Pudong a capacity of 60 million passengers and 4.2 tonnes of cargo annually[4]. A transportation center will be added to connect passengers between Terminal 1 and 2 in the future.
Shanghai Airlines moved to Terminal 2 upon its opening on March 26, 2008 with 14 other airlines, including Air India, Northwest Airlines, Qatar Airways, Alitalia, British Airways, Qantas Airways, Virgin Atlantic Airways, Philippine Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Transaero Airlines, Cebu Pacific, Aerosvit Airlines, Garuda Indonesia and Royal Nepal Airlines. Fellow Star Alliance partners Air Canada, Air China, Air New Zealand, ANA, Asiana Airlines, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways and United Airlines have moved on April 29, 2008[5] along with other airlines, involving 33 airlines in all now operating at Terminal 2[6].
The next ambitious expansion, includes the addition of the fourth and fifth runways, a Satellite concourse, larger than the size of both of the current terminals combined, and additional cargo terminals will expand the size of Pudong International Airport. Land reclamation will be included for the fifth runway and some of the cargo terminals. Because of this, a large amount of money will be needed in the future to cope with the demand. This next ambition will be completed by 2015 and will become one of the world-class airports in the world. It will become one of the world's largest airports by land size.
Recently, China Southern Airlines stated that Shanghai Pudong International Airport will be home to its five Airbus A380s, however there is no statement if China Southern Airlines will have a hub in Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
[edit] Incidents
- On January 30, 2006, the nose gear of a Cargolux Boeing 747-400F collapsed while parked on the cargo apron.[7]
- On May 13, 2006, A China Eastern Airbus Industries A340-600 (Tail number B6055), flight 5042 from Seoul to Shanghai suffered a tire burst on all of its main landing gears. None of the 232 passengers were hurt.[2]
- On November 19, 2006, An Air Canada Boeing 767-300 flight 38 encountered turbulence en route to Vancouver from Shanghai. Four cabin members were hurt. The plane safely landed in Tokyo's Narita International Airport. This incident occurred just after a domestic Japan Airlines Boeing 777 flight 1348 experienced turbulence which landed safely in Tokyo's Haneda Airport.[3]
- On July 19, 2007, United Airlines Flight 858 encountered a stowaway at San Francisco International Airport arriving from Shanghai Pudong International.
[edit] Infrastructure
The airport had 28 boarding bridges along with 127 parking positions and with a tarmac of 1.49 million square meters prior to the opening of Terminal 2. It also has two runways; the 4000-meter runway on category 4E and the 3800-meter runway with a category 4F rating, able to handle the A380. It is also predicted that the third runway will be on a 4F rating.
Terminal 1 was opened on October 1, 1999 along with a 4000m runway and including a cargo hub. It was built to handle the demand for traffic and to relieve Shanghai Hongqiao International Airports traffic. Terminal 1 is shaped like Kansai International Airport's terminal, but it is shorter and with 28 gates, 13 of which are double decker gates. The exterior of the terminal is shaped like waves. The capacity of Terminal 1 is 20 million passengers. It currently has 204 check-in counters, thirteen luggage conveying belts and covering an area of 280,000 meters squared. Terminal 1 has received some controversy about the lack of shopping stalls, the pricing of the shops, confusing locations of restrooms, the escalators and moving through the terminal.
Terminal 2, opened at the 26th of March, along with the 3rd runway, gives a capacity of 60 million passengers and 4.2 million tonnes of cargo annually. Terminal 2 is shaped like the 1st terminal but it has more of a seagull shaping, rather than a wave shape. It will be a little larger in size. Terminal 2 will be used for Air China, Shanghai Airlines and other Star Alliance members but it is known that some Skyteam and Oneworld members will relocate their operations to the terminal. Some people hope that Terminal 2 will relieve the constraints and overcrowding at the first terminal.
[edit] Airlines and destinations
China Airlines, EVA Air and Far Eastern Air Transport (FAT) have operated special flights during Chinese New Year - the Cross-strait Charter on Lunar New Year- to Taipei and Uni Air to Kaohsiung from the airport. These flights are part of the Three Links between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (or Taiwan).
[edit] Terminal 1
[edit] International
- Aeroméxico (Mexico City, Tijuana)
- airberlin (Düsseldorf)
- Air France (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
- American Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare)
- China Eastern Airlines (Algiers [begins August 2008][4], Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Busan, Cheongju, Daegu, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali [seasonal], Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Hiroshima, Hong Kong, Jeju, Johannesburg, Kagoshima, Komatsu, Kuala Lumpur, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Male-Maldives, Matsuyama, Melbourne, Moscow-Domodedovo,[8] Nagasaki, Nagoya-Centrair, New York-JFK, Niigata, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Phuket, Saipan [charter], Sapporo-Chitose, Seoul-Incheon, Siem Reap, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita, Vancouver)
- Continental Airlines (Newark) [begins March 25]
- Delta Air Lines (Atlanta)
- Gulf Air (Bahrain) [begins June 16]
- Japan Airlines (Fukuoka, Osaka-Kansai, Nagoya-Centrair, Tokyo-Narita)
- Jet Airways (Mumbai, San Francisco) [begins June 14]
- KLM Royal Dutch Airlines (Amsterdam)
- Korean Air (Busan, Cheongju, Gwangju, Seoul-Incheon)
- Mahan Air (Tehran-Imam Khomeini) [begins 2008]
[edit] Domestic
- China Eastern Airlines (Baoshan, Beihai, Beijing, Changchun, Chongqing, Dalian, Dayong, Diqing, Guangzhou, Haikou, Harbin, Hefei, Huangshan, Huangyan, Jinan, Jingyong, Lanzhou, Lianyungang, Lijiang City, Lincang, Longyan, Luxi, Luzhou, Mian Yang, Ningbo, Qingdao, Sanya, Shantou, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Simao, Taiyuan, Tunxi, Urumqi, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Wuyishan, Xi'an, Xining, Xuzhou, Yanji, Yibin, Yinchuan, Zhangjiajie, Zhaotong, Zhengzhou, Zhoushan, Zhuhai)
- Chongqing Airlines (Chongqing)
- Hainan Airlines (Haikou, Sanya)
- Shenzhen Airlines (Shenzhen)
- Sichuan Airlines (Chengdu, Chongqing)
- Spring Airlines (Chongqing, Dalian, Guilin, Haikou, Harbin, Qingdao, Sanya, Shenyang)
[edit] Terminal 2
All Airlines have moved into the terminal, with the first 15 airlines have moved on March 26, and another 20 airlines moved at the April 29, consisting mainly Star Alliance airlines.
[edit] International
- Aeroflot (Moscow-Sheremetyevo)[8]
- Aerosvit Airlines (Kiev-Boryspil)
- Air Canada (Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver)
- Air China (Frankfurt, Fukuoka, London-Heathrow, Melbourne, Milan-Malpensa, Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Rome-Fiumicino, San Francisco [begins March 2009], Sendai, Sydney, Tokyo-Narita)
- Air India (Delhi, Mumbai)
- Air Macau (Macau)
- Air New Zealand (Auckland)
- All Nippon Airways (Nagoya-Centrair, Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita)
- Asiana Airlines (Daegu, Jeju, Seoul-Incheon)
- British Airways (London-Heathrow)
- Cathay Pacific (Hong Kong)
- Cebu Pacific (Manila)
- China Southern Airlines (Nagoya-Centrair, Seoul-Incheon)
- Dragonair (Hong Kong)
- Emirates (Dubai)
- Finnair (Helsinki)
- Garuda Indonesia (Jakarta, Singapore)
- Hong Kong Express Airways (Hong Kong)
- Iberia (Madrid) [begins 2009]
- Lufthansa (Frankfurt, Munich)
- Malaysia Airlines (Kuala Lumpur)
- Northwest Airlines (Detroit [non-stop begins March 25], Tokyo-Narita)
- Philippine Airlines (Manila)
- Qantas (Melbourne, Sydney)
- Qatar Airways (Doha)
- Shanghai Airlines (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Busan, Denpasar/Bali [seasonal], Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Los Angeles [begins 2009], Macau, Osaka-Kansai, Phnom Penh, Phuket, Seattle/Tacoma [begins 2009] [5], Seoul-Incheon, Toyama)
- Singapore Airlines (Singapore)
- Swiss International Air Lines (Zürich)
- Thai Airways International (Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi)
- Transaero (St. Petersburg)[8]
- Turkish Airlines (Istanbul-Atatürk)
- United Airlines (Chicago-O'Hare, San Francisco)
- Virgin Atlantic (London-Heathrow)
[edit] Domestic
- Air China (Beihai, Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing, Ningbo, Shenzhen, Wenzhou, Wuhan, Yantai)
- China Southern Airlines (Changchun, Dalian, Guangzhou, Haikou, Harbin, Qiqihar, Sanya, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Xi'an, Zhangjiajie, Zhuhai)
- Shanghai Airlines (Beijing, Changchun, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Haikou, Harbin, Jinzhou, Qingdao, Sanya, Shenyang, Shenzhen, Tunxi, Weihai, Xiangfan, Yantai)
[edit] Cargo airlines
- Aeroflot-Cargo (Novosibirsk)[8]
- Air China Cargo (Los Angeles, Manchester (UK), Portland (OR))
- Air France Cargo (Paris-Charles de Gaulle)
- Air Hong Kong
- AirBridgeCargo Airlines (Krasnoyarsk)[8]
- Alitalia Cargo (Milan-Malpensa, Venice)
- ANA & JP Express
- Atlas Air (Chicago-O'Hare, Frankfurt-Hahn, Honolulu, Melbourne, New York-JFK, Sydney)
- Cargolux
- Cathay Pacific Cargo (Hong Kong)
- Dragonair (Hong Kong)
- China Cargo Airlines
- China Southern Airlines
- El Al Cargo (Tel Aviv)
- Emirates SkyCargo (Dubai)
- Euro Cargo Air (Brno) [planned] [6]
- FedEx Express
- Great Wall Airlines (Manchester)[9]
- JAL Cargo (Tokyo-Narita)
- KLM Cargo (Amsterdam)
- MASkargo (Kuala Lumpur)
- Nippon Cargo Airlines (Osaka-Kansai, Tokyo-Narita)
- NWA Cargo
- Polar Air Cargo
- SAS Cargo Group (Beijing, Copenhagen)
- Shanghai Airlines Cargo
- Singapore Airlines Cargo (Los Angeles, Singapore)
- TNT Airways (Liège, Singapore)
- United Parcel Service
- Volga-Dnepr (Abakan)[8]
- Yangtze River Express
[edit] Ground transportation
Transrapid constructed the first commercial high-speed maglev railway in the world, from the Pudong International Airport to Long Yang Road Metro station. It was inaugurated in 2002. It has a peak speed of 431 km/h and a track length of 30 km. A transportation center will be built in Phase 3, and to become operational in 2015. The extension of the Subway Line 2 to Pudong International Airport has started construction and will also link with Hongqiao Airport, to be completed by 2010, in time for the 2010 World Expo.
[edit] Photo gallery
 Airport Exterior |
 The expressway goes into the airport |
 A Maglev train is coming out |
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 Air China Airbus A340 about to take off at Shanghai Pudong Airport |
[edit] References
- ^ http://chinaaviation.aero/news/airline/8007/59/Shanghai-Airport-reports-profit-growth--despite-big-investments-in-massive-new-facilities-at-Pudong
- ^ http://sg.biz.yahoo.com/080324/1/4fese.html
- ^ http://www.china.org.cn/english/travel/195420.htm
- ^ http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=1113&doc_id=17039
- ^ http://www.etravelblackboard.com/index.asp?id=75939&nav=20
- ^ http://www.moodiereport.com/document.php?c_id=1113&doc_id=17039
- ^ Photos: Boeing 747-4R7F/SCD Aircraft Pictures | Airliners.net
- ^ a b c d e f (Russian) Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Air Traffic Management Corporation", Summer Air Traffic Schedule 25.03.2007 - 27.10.2007 (Airports - Russian international), 29 May 2007, p. 74-75
- ^ Manchester and East Midlands Airports target Far Eastern routes : Manchester Airport News Stories
[edit] See also
- China's busiest airports by traffic movements
- China's busiest airports by cargo traffic
- China's busiest airports by passenger traffic
- Transport in the People's Republic of China
- List of airports in the People's Republic of China
[edit] External links
- Shanghai Airport website
- Airport information for ZSPD at World Aero Data
- Airliners.Net photos of Shanghai Pudong International Airport
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