Shalom H. Schwartz

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Shalom H. Schwartz
Shalom H. Schwartz
 This article or section is written like an advertisement.
Please help rewrite this article from a neutral point of view.
Mark blatant advertising which would require a fundamental rewrite in order to become encyclopedic for speedy deletion, using {{db-spam}}. (December 2007)
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please improve this article if you can. (October 2007)

Shalom H. Schwartz(Hebrew: שלום שוורץ‎) is social psychologist, cross-cultural researcher, author of Theory of basic human values (universal values as a latent motivations and needs).

[edit] Short biography

He received his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of ‎‎Michigan-Ann Arbor, and subsequently taught in the sociology department of the University ‎‎of Wisconsin-Madison. Since 1979, he has taught in Israel, where his research has concerned ‎‎helping behavior, intergroup conflict, and basic human values.

After completing his master's degree in social psychology and group development at Columbia University and completing his rabbinical studies, Schwartz received his Ph.D. in social psychology from the University of ‎‎Michigan-Ann Arbor, and subsequently taught in the sociology department of the University ‎‎of Wisconsin-Madison, and in 1973 became a professor. From 1971-73, Schwartz was a visiting lecturer in the department of psychology at the Hebrew University, where he has maintained his connection until today. In 1979, when many of Israel's leading researchers were going to work at universities in the United States, Schwartz made aliya(moved to Israel) with his wife and three children. He joined the department of psychology at the Hebrew University, were he now holds the post of Leon and Clara Sznajderman Professor Emeritus of Psychology.

In his research studies, Schwartz has argued that individual norms can lead individuals to act altruistically in situations where such behavior contradicts the narrow interests of the individual. Schwartz also attempts to explain individual acts of heroism in extreme situations, such as the behavior of certain individuals during the Holocaust.

During the 1970s and 1980s, Schwartz was one of the pioneers in the research on pro-social and altruistic behavior. His research has since included studies on the development and consequences of a diverse range of behavioral attitudes and orientations, such as religious belief, political orientation and voting, social group relations, consumer behavior, as well as the conceptualization of human values across cultures.

Schwartz is a fellow of the American Psychological Foundation and is a member of the American Sociological Foundation, European Association of Experimental Social Psychology, Israel Psychological Association, Society for Experimental Social Psychology, and Society for Personality and Social Psychology. He is president of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. He coordinates an ‎international project in more than 70 countries that studies the antecedents and consequences of ‎‎individual differences in value priorities and the relations of cultural dimensions of values to societal characteristics and policies. His value theory and instruments are part of the ongoing, biannual European Social Survey.

Prof. Shalom Schwartz of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem has been awarded the 2007 Israel Prize in psychology. (Using Hebrew University Media News)

[edit] Main publications

  • Schwartz, S. H. and Bilsky, W. (1987), ‘Toward a universal psychological structure of human values’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, pp. 550-562.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Bilsky, W. (1990). Toward a theory of the universal content and structure of values: Extensions and cross cultural replications. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 878-891.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: Theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25) (pp. 1-65). New York: Academic Press.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1993, July). Toward explanations of national differences in value priorities. Presented at the XXIV Congress of the Interamerican Society of Psychology, Santiago de Chile.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994a). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1994b). Beyond Individualism/Collectivism: New cultural dimensions of values. In U. Kim, H.C. Triandis, C. Kagitcibasi, S-C. Choi, & G. Yoon (Eds.), Individualism and collectivism: Theory, method and applications (pp. 85-119). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Huismans, S. (1995). Value priorities and religiosity in four Western religions. Social Psychology Quarterly, 58, 88-107.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Ros, M. (1995). Values in the West: A theoretical and empirical challenge to the Individualism-Collectivism cultural dimension. World Psychology, 1, 99-122.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Sagiv, L. (1995). Identifying culture specifics in the content and structure of values. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 26, 92-116.
  • Sagiv, L., & Schwartz, S. H. (1995). Value priorities and readiness for out-group social contact. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 437-448.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1996). Value priorities and behavior: Applying of theory of integrated value systems. In C. Seligman, J. M. Olson, & M. P. Zanna (Eds.), The Psychology of Values: The Ontario Symposium, Vol. 8 (pp.1-24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (1997), ‘Influences of adaptation to communist rule on value priorities in Eastern Europe’, Political Psychology, 18, pp. 385-410.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (1999). Cultural value differences: Some implications for work. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 48, 23-47.
  • Schwartz, S. H., Lehmann, A., and Roccas, S. (1999), ‘Multimethod probes of basic human values’, in: J. Adamopoulos and Y. Kashima, (eds.), Social Psychology and Culture Context: Essays in Honor of Harry C. Triandis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (2000). Moral dialogue across cultures: An empirical perspective. In E. W. Lehman (Ed.), Autonomy and order: A communitarian anthology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Schwartz, S. H., Bardi, A., and Bianchi, G. (2000). Value adaptation to the imposition and collapse of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe. In S. A. Renshon & J. Duckitt (Eds.), Political Psychology: Cultural and Cross Cultural Perspectives (pp.217-237). London: Macmillan.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Bardi, A. (2001), ‘Value hierarchies across cultures: Taking a similarities perspective’, Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, pp.268-290
  • Schwartz, S. H., Melech, G., Lehmann, A., Burgess, S., and Harris, M. (2001), ‘Extending the cross-cultural validity of the theory of basic human values with a different method of measurement’, Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 32, pp. 519-542.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2003). A proposal for measuring value orientations across nations. In Questionnaire development report of the European Social Survey (chap. 7).
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2004), ‘Mapping and interpreting cultural differences around the world’ in: H. Vinken, J. Soeters and P. Ester (eds.), Comparing Cultures, Dimensions of Culture in a Comparative Perspective, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.
  • Schwartz, S. H. and Boehnke, K. (2004), ‘Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis’, Journal of Research in Personality, 38, pp. 230-255.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2005a). Basic human values: Their content and structure across countries. In A. Tamayo & J. B. Porto (Eds.), Valores e Comportamento nas Organizações [Values and Behavior in Organizations] pp. 21-55. Petrópolis, Brazil: Vozes.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2005b). Robustness and fruitfulness of a theory of universals in individual human values. In A. Tamayo & J. B. Porto (Eds.), ibid, pp. 56-95.
  • Schwartz, S. H., and Rubel, T. (2005), Sex differences in value priorities: Cross-cultural and multi-method studies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, pp. 1010-1028.
  • Schwartz, S. H. (2006). Value orientations: Measurement, antecedents and consequences across nations. In R. Jowell, C. Roberts, R. Fitzgerald, & G. Eva (Eds.), Measuring attitudes cross-nationally - lessons from the European Social Survey. London: Sage.