Sexing
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Through sexing, biologists and agricultural workers determine the gender of livestock and other animals they work with. The specialized trade of chicken sexing has a particular importance in the poultry industry.
- Physical sexing
Assisted physical sexing is a relevant issue in Vertebrates with cloaca (e.g. [[Birds, Reptiles or Amphibians) when there are no external sexual dimorphism. In Veterinary practice, fibroscopy is used under general anaesthesia in Birds (e.g. Parrots).
- Molecular sexing
Molecular sexing are techniques using DNA for determine genders in wild (population studies) or domestic species (farming, genetics) or man (archaeology, forensic medicine). Markers commonly used inclue :
Various techniques have been developed using simple polymerase chain reaction product size dimorphism, presence/absence, restriction dimorphism, or even sequencing.