Sex-negativity
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Sex-negativity is a term ascribed to the philosophy that attaches a negative or conservative meaning to the human sexual act. Its opposite is sex-positivity.
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[edit] Philosophy
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To some advocates of the philosophy of sex-positivity, sex-negativity is the traditional and still dominant view of sex in Western culture. According to these advocates, traditional religious views of sex define traditional Western values in relation to this subject. However, most organized religions in the history of the world have had at least some restrictions on sex, often demanding the obligatory initiation of force or violence to prevent or punish forbidden sex acts.
To those who are sex-negative, also known as antisexualist, prude, puritan, Victorian, and prohibitionist, human sexuality is viewed as a profoundly meaningful and integral aspect of the human person - body, mind, and spirit - and the sexual act as expressive of the person's total giving of self to the beloved. They view the sexual union as mirroring the depths of the union of the Creator with humanity. They further believe that God the Creator devised sexuality as a means of more closely uniting loved ones who have promised themselves to one another, and as a means of bringing new generations into the community of humankind. Because of the profound meaningfulness of sex and its special role in guaranteeing the lives of future generations, many religious traditions teach that sexual expression is appropriately reserved to married couples alone, and that the procreative function of their sexual union is not to be deliberately thwarted.
Some proponents of sex-positivity claim that under the Western, Christian tradition, sex is seen as a destructive force except when it is redeemed by the saving grace of procreation, and sexual pleasure is seen as sinful. Sexual acts are ranked hierarchically, with marital heterosexuality at the top of the hierarchy and masturbation, homosexuality and other sexualities that deviate from societal norms closer to the bottom. Medicine and psychiatry are said to have also contributed to sex-negativity, as they may, from time to time, designate some forms of sexuality that appear on the bottom of this hierarchy as being pathological (see Mental illness). [1] However, Western societies which predate Christian influence, such as ancient Greece, have often endorsed forms of sexuality that strongly conflict with Christian beliefs. For instance, Socrates, certainly not the most libertine of the Greek writers, supports homosexuality:
Let no one whom he [a soldier] has a mind to kiss refuse to be kissed by him while the expedition lasts. So that if there be a lover in the army, whether his love be youth or maiden, he may be more eager to win the prize of valour.[2]
An emerging chorus of voices from sex-positive theorists who are people of color has provided an important contribution to the movement, giving substance to the power analysis of sex-positivity at the intersection of race/culture, gender, sexuality, class, nationality, and spirituality. Farajaje-Jones (2000) highlighted the connection between white supremacist ideology and what he termed "erotophobia" saying:
The fear of the erotic and of its power, has therefore played a powerful role in shaping institutionalized White supremacy's vision of what it means to be African, to be Black. African is wild, hot, savage, beastlike, libidinal, primal; in short, the African is the very embodiment of all that the dominating culture sees as evil and in need of being policed and controlled. (p.331)[3]
[edit] Criticism
Some advocates of relational views of human sexuality claim that sex-positivists have invented sex-negativity as a "Straw man argument" against which they can assert a sex-positivity.[citation needed] In this view, human sexuality is regarded only as an expression of love between two people. Thus, from this perspective, pornography, masturbation, and other aspects of sex-positivity are regarded as "perversions"; i.e. degradations of human sexuality with a tendency to destroy romantic love and promote "heartless" physical hedonism. Morality in Media, a prominent advocacy organization in the Anti-pornography movement, articulates this viewpoint:
"The pornography business takes the beauty of real love and converts it into soulless, commercialized slime. The porn-fighters protect healthy sexuality with the key ingredients of love, tenderness, commitment, and the privacy of intimate moments." [4]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Rubin, Gayle (1984). "Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality". In Carole S. Vance (Ed.), Pleasure and Danger: exploring female sexuality, pp. 267–319. Boston (Routledge & Kegan Paul). ISBN 0-7100-9974-6
- ^ Plato, Republic, translated by Benjamin Jowett. line 8823
- ^ Farajaje-Jones, E. (2000). In K. Kay, J. Nagle, & B. Gould (Eds.), Male Lust: Pleasure, Power, and Transformation (pp. 327-335). New York: Harrington Park Press.
- ^ Queen, Carol (1997). Real Live Nude Girl: Chronicles of Sex-Positive Culture. Pittsburgh: Cleis Press. ISBN 1-57344-073-6.
