Senna alexandrina

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"Cassia lanceolata" redirects here. This taxon may also refer to other plants; see below.

Alexandrian Senna

Not evaluated (IUCN 3.1)

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Subclass:	Rosidae
(unranked)	Eurosids I
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Caesalpinioideae
Tribe:	Cassieae
Subtribe:	Cassiinae
Genus:	Senna
Species:	S. alexandrina

Binomial name

Senna alexandrina
Mill.

Synonyms

Many, see text

Senna alexandrina (Alexandrian Senna, and see below) is an ornamental plant in the genus Senna. It is also used in herbalism. It grows natively in upper Egypt, especially in the Nubian region, and near Khartoum (Sudan), where it is cultivated commercially. It is also grown elsewhere, notably in India and Somalia.

Alexandrian Senna is a shrubby plant that reaches 0.5-1, rarely two meters in height with branched pale green erect stem, long spreading branches, bearing four or five pairs of leaves. These are complex feathery mutual pairs. The leaflets are varying from 4 to 6 pairs, fully edged, with a sharp top. The midribs are equally divided at the base of the leaflets. The flowers are in a raceme interior^{[verification needed]} blossoms, big in size, coloured yellow that tends to brown. Its legume fruit are horned, broadly oblong, compressed and flat and contain about six seeds.

When cultured, twice a year the plants are cut down, dried in the sun, stripped and packed in palm-leaf bags and sent on camels to Essouan and Darao, then up the Nile to Cairo or else to Red Sea ports. For the nomadic Ababdeh people for example, trade in senna provides a significant source of income.

[edit] Names and taxonomy

S. alexandrina is also known under the names Egyptian Senna, Tinnevelly Senna, East Indian Senna or the French sene de la palthe

It received the names "Alexandrian Senna" and "Egyptian Senna" because Alexandria in Egypt was the main trade port in past times. The fruits and leaves were transported from Nubia and Sudan and other places to Alexandria then from it and across the Mediterranean sea to Europe and adjacent Asia.

Though it might look like a scientific name, Cassia Officinalis is actually the apothecary term for this plant, and hence Officinalis - the Latin adjective denoting tools, utensils and medical compounds - is written with a large "o", unlike in specific names which are always written small today.

Synonyms:^[1]

Cassia acutifolia Delile
Cassia alexandrina (Garsault) Thell.
Cassia angustifolia M. Vahl
Cassia lanceolata Collad.^{[verification needed]}

C. lanceolata Link is a synonym of Senna sophera var. sophera)

C. lanceolata Pers. is a synonym of Chamaecrista desvauxii var. mollissima

Cassia lenitiva Bisch.^{[verification needed]}
Cassia senna L.
Senna acutifolia (Delile) Batka
Senna alexandrina Garsault
Senna angustifolia (Vahl) Batka

[edit] Footnotes

^ ILDIS (2005)

[edit] References

el Sayid Haykal, Mohamed & Abd Razik Omar, Abdalluh^{[verification needed]} (1993): Medicinal plants & Aromatic plants - Its chemistry-production-benefits (2nd ed.). Dar el Maaref, Alexandria.
International Legume Database & Information Service (ILDIS) (2005): Genera Cassia and Senna. Version 10.01, November 2005. Retrieved 2007-DEC-20.
Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C. (1982): The American Cassiinae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 35: 1-918