Senecio glaucus

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Senecio glaucus
Jaffa groundsel
Jaffa groundsel
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Senecioneae
Genus: Senecio
Species: S. glaucus
Binomial name
Senecio glaucus
L.
Synonyms

Senecio coronopifolius Desf.[1] Senecio joppensis Dinsm.[2]
Senecio ruepellii Sch.Bip.
Senecio desfontainei Druce
Senecio laxiflorus Viv.
Senecio subdentatus Ledeb[3]

Senecio glaucus is an annual member of the Asteraceae and species of the genus Senecio that grows in the desert[2]

Contents

[edit] Common names

  • English: Jaffa groundsel, Buck's horn groundsel[4][5]
  • Hebrew: סַבְיוֹן יָפוֹ,סביון יפו,סַבְיוֹן הָעֲרָבוֹת,סביון הערבות‎[2]

[edit] Description

As a Senecio being a diploid makes Senecio glaucus part of a species group along with S. flavus, S. gallicus, S. squalidus and S. vernalis who are widespread geographically and interesting for the study of genecology (the study of genetic differences in relation to the environment) and plant evolution.[6]

Senecio glaucus is an annual that "flowers late" which means that it grows leaves and then it flowers which is an important distinction for species in the "flowering desert". S. glaucus is a member of a special "flowering desert" community of plants called therophytes; at least one of S. glaucus communities include Plantago amplexicaulis and Silene villosa. Other annual therophytes include Schouwia thebaica (a Brassicaceae), Citrullus colocynthis and Astragalus vogelii.[7]

Four years after the Gulf War S. glaucus survived oil spills in Kuwait, growing in sand polluted with 10% petroleum. The roots of this and other species of the family Asteraceae were associated with millions of oil-degrading bacteria (Arthrobacter), which took up and detoxified alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Their roots were practically free from oil.[8][9]

Studies of short life spanned Senecio species, like Senecio glaucus present an opportunity to see how populations in different regions may represent different evolutionary characters. For this character, in terms of seed-mediated dispersal, the differences in levels of allozyme and chloroplast between parapatric S. glaucus and S. vernalis were primarily due to the strongly marked geographical locations of S. glaucus (θ = 0.05 - 0.08).[6] In this species, a small number of populations appeared to be isolated from cytoplasmic gene exchange with other populations.[10]

Other phylogenetic research has determined that Senecio vernalis (which is a native of Middle Europe) and S. glaucus must be the parents of Senecio flavus subsp. breviflorus which is interesting because it was Senecio squalidus who actually lived with both of these species.[6]

[edit] Distribution

Found in sandy soils of coastal plains, strands, and steppes.[4][5]

Native
Palearctic:
Macaronesia: Canary Islands - Gran Canaria, Fuerteventura, Gomera, Hierro, Lanzarote, Tenerife
Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt - Sinai, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
East Europe: Saratov Oblast, Volgograd Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast, Rostov Oblast, Kalmykiya
Southeastern Europe: Bulgaria, Crete, Crimea, Greece, Italy, Republic of Kosovo, Malta, Montenegro, Serbia, Sicily
Southwestern Europe: Balearic Islands, France, Portugal, Spain
Western Asia: Afghanistan, Egypt - Sinai, Iran, India - Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Syria, Turkey - Anatolia
Caucasus: Adygea, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Chechnya, Dagestan, Georgia, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachay-Cherkessia, Krasnodar Krai, North Ossetia-Alania, Stavropol Krai
Soviet Middle Asia: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan[1][2]

[edit] Subspecies and variety synonyms

  • Senecio glaucus subsp. coronopifolius (Maire) C. Alexander
  • Senecio glaucus subsp. cyprius Meikle
  • Senecio glaucus L. subsp. glaucus
  • Senecio coronopifolius Desf. var. calyculatus Emb. & Maire
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix var. laxiflorus (Viv.) DC.
  • Senecio gallicus Chaix subsp. coronopifolius (Desf.) Maire[1][2][3]

[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2001-04-27). Taxon: Senecio glaucus L. (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
  2. ^ a b c d e Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. Details for: Senecio glaucus (HTML). Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
  3. ^ a b Aluka. Senecio glaucus L. subsp. coronopifolius (Maire) C.Alexander [family COMPOSITAE] (HTML). African Plants. Ithaka Harbors, Inc. DOI:10.5555/AL.AP.COMPILATION.PLANT-NAME-SPECIES.SENECIO.GLAUCUS. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
  4. ^ a b Senecio joppensis (HTML). Jerusalem Botanical Gardens. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
  5. ^ a b Senecio glaucus (HTML). Jerusalem Botanical Gardens. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
  6. ^ a b c Hollingsworth, Peter; Richard M. Bateman, Richard Gornall (1999). "Monophyly populations and species", Molecular Systematics and Plant Evolution (HTML), CRC Press, 504 pages. ISBN 0748409084. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 
  7. ^ Schulze, E -D; Erwin Beck, Klaus Müller-Hohenstein (2005). "Vegetation History", Plant Ecology (HTML), Springer Science+Business Media, 702 pages. ISBN 354020833X. Retrieved on 2008-04-22. 
  8. ^ Stefan Trapp and Ulrich Karlson (April 2001). "Aspects of Phytoremediation of Organic Pollutants" (PDF). Journal of Soils & Sediments. doi:10.1065/jss2001.04.007. 
  9. ^ C.M. Frick, R.E. Farrell and J.J. Germida (1999-12-29). Assessment of Phytoremediation as an In-Situ Technique for Cleaning Oil-Contaminated Sites (PDF). Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan. Retrieved on 2008-04-22.
  10. ^ Thompson, John D (March 1999). "Population differentiation in Mediterranean plants: insights into colonization history and the evolution and conservation of endemic species". Heredity (journal) 82 (3): 229-236. 
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