Senecio cineraria

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Senecio cineraria
Dusty Miller
Dusty Miller
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Senecioneae
Genus: Senecio
Species: S. cineraria
Binomial name
Senecio cineraria
DC.[1]
Range of uncultivated S. cineraria.
Range of uncultivated S. cineraria.
Synonyms

Cineraria bicolor Willd.
Othonna maritima L.
Senecio bicolor ((Willd.) Tod.
Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden[2]
Cineraria maritima (L.) L.
Senecio maritimus (L.) Rchb.[3]

Senecio cineraria also known as Dusty miller is a species of Senecio from the family Asteraceae, a native perennial of the Mediterranean and widely cultivated as an annual for its silver, felt-like leaves.

Senecio cineraria shares the common name Dusty miller with other plants that also have silvery leaves; the two most often to share the name are Centaurea cineraria and Lychnis coronaria.

Contents

[edit] Common names

Silver ragwort
Silver ragwort
  • English: Dusty miller, Silver ragwort
  • French: Cinéraire maritime, Séneçon Cinéraire, Séneçon cendré
  • Italian: Cineraria, Senecione cinerario
  • Japanese: シロタエギク
  • Polish: starzec srebrzysty
  • Russian: Крестовник цинерариевый, Цинерария морская[2][3]
  • Swedish: Silverek
  • Chinese: 銀葉菊 [4]


[edit] Description

Senecio cineraria is a very white-woolly,[5] frost tender, heat and drought tolerant, evergreen,[6] perennial, dicot, subshrub[1] that can grow to be 2 feet (0.61 m) or less tall[5] and 18 inches (46 cm) to 24 inches (61 cm) wide.[6]

Leaves and stems: Stiff stems[6] branching from the base, and covered in long, white, matted hairs. The leaves are lance-shaped, 2 inches (5.1 cm) to 6 inches (15 cm) long, serrated, pinnately cut,[6] stiff, with oblong and obtuse segments,[5] numerous and like the stems, also covered with long, white, matted hairs.[6]

Flowers: Yellow or white in daisy-like,[7] 1.5 inches (3.8 cm) wide,[6] rayless,[5] compact flower heads resembling a single flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common whorl of sepals or ring of bracts at the base of the flower stalk.[5] S. cineraria does not produce flowers the first year.[7]

Seeds: Fruit are cylindrical achenes.[6]

[edit] Distribution

Native range of S. cineraria.
Native range of S. cineraria.

Native [2][3]

Africa
Northern Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia
Asia
Western Asia: Turkey, Anatolia
Europe
Southeastern Europe: Aegean Islands, Kastelorizo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia.
Southwestern Europe: France, Corsica, Monaco, Gibraltar, Spain

Current[1][3]

Africa
Northern Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Gran Canaria, Graciosa,
America
North America: Alabama, California, Maryland, New York, Oregon, Utah
Asia
Western Asia: Turkey, Anatolia
Europe
Northern Europe: Channel Islands, Ireland, United Kingdom (including Northern Ireland), Sweden
Middle Europe: Germany
Southeastern Europe: Aegean Islands, Bulgaria, Crimea, Cyprus, Kastelorizo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Malta, Sardinia, Sicily, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia.
Southwestern Europe: Corsica, France, Gibraltar, Ibiza, Formentera, Mallorca, Minorca, Monaco, São Jorge Island, São Miguel Island, Pico Island, Santa Maria Island, Terceira Island, Spain
West Europe: Belgium, Luxemburg, Netherlands
Range maps

North America

Canary Islands

Africa

Europe

[edit] Horticulture

S. Cineraria is an old-fashioned garden plant.
Liberty Hyde Bailey, 1917[5]

Senecio cineraria is known in the world of horticulture to be a tender perennial, that is winter hardy to USDA Zones 8-10,[7][8] and often lasts past the first frost, tolerant of shade but with some sun produces the best foliage color.[7] As an annual, it grows in a rounded clump 6 inches (15 cm) to 15 inches (38 cm); as a perennial, it gets shrubby and can grow to 2 feet (0.61 m) tall. Often the cultivars do not produce flowers at all and new plants are purchased every year or cuttings gathered in the autumn.[7]

S. cineraria is tolerant of many difficult conditions.
S. cineraria is tolerant of many difficult conditions.

Recommended as fire resistant landscaping in California[9] that also is an attractive way to screen around outdoor electrical installations,[10] as a plant that deer do not seem to like well enough to severely damage by eating,[11] whose leaves are attractive to two species of old world bees (Megachilidae: Anthidium manicatum and Anthidium oblongatum)[12] and as a water conserving perennial[13] which is also a reliable halophile.[14]

[edit] Subspecies which are synonyms

  • Senecio bicolor (Willd.) Todaro ssp. cineraria (DC.) Chater[15]
  • Senecio bicolor subsp. cineraria (DC.) Chater
  • Senecio cineraria subsp. bicolor (Willd.) Arcang.[2]


[edit] References

  1. ^ a b c Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). PLANTS Profile, Senecio cineraria DC. (HTML). The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
  2. ^ a b c d Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2007-05-04). Taxon: Jacobaea maritima (L.) Pelser & Meijden (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-02-27.
  3. ^ a b c d Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. Details for: Jacobaea maritima (HTML). Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved on 2008-02-19.
  4. ^ Taiwan Plant Names. "Taiwan/Dicots" 1: 141. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f Bailey, Liberty Hyde (1917). "Senecio", The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture: A Discussion for the Amateur, and ... (HTML), 6, The Macmillan Company, 3639. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Jesse Saylor. Dusty Miller (Senecio cineraria) (HTML). Plant Encyclopedia. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  7. ^ a b c d e Kemper Center for Home Gardening. Senecio cineraria (HTML). Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  8. ^ United States National Arboretum (2003-10-06). Hardiness Zones -- Details (HTML). USDA Hardiness Zone Map. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  9. ^ Jeanette Knutson-Pedersen (July 2005). Tree Notes (PDF). Fire Safe Landscaping. Plumas Fire Safe Council. Retrieved on 2008-03-02.
  10. ^ T&D Engineering and Technical Support (2002-02-02). LANDSCAPE SCREEN FOR PAD-MOUNTED TRANSFORMERS (PDF). UG-1: Transformers Greenbook. City of Davis. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  11. ^ Forrest W. Appleton, Retired certifed nursery professional, Bexar County Master Gardener (2003-09-29). Coping with the deer by the use of deer resistant plants. (HTML). [PLANTanswers http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/web.html]. Texas A&M University. Retrieved on 2008-02-29.
  12. ^ Shane R. Miller, Robert Gaebel, Randall J. Mitchell, and Mike Arduser; University of Akron. "OCCURRENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF OLD WORLD BEES, ANTHIDIUM MANICATUM AND A. OBLONGATUM (APOIDEA: MEGACHILIDAE), IN NORTHERN OHIO AND SOUTHERN MICHIGAN". THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 35 (1): 65–69. 
  13. ^ City of Paso Robles. Water Conserving Plants - Perennials 13-16 (PDF). Paso Robles Water Division. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  14. ^ York County Office. Salt Tolerant Plants for Water-front Applications (PDF). Retrieved on 2008-03-03.
  15. ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (1995-05-28). Taxon: Senecio cineraria DC. (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved on 2008-03-03.

[edit] Further reading