Senate career of John McCain, 2001–present

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The life of John McCain
Early life and military career
House and Senate career, 1982–2000
2000 presidential campaign
Senate career, 2001–present
2008 presidential campaign
Cultural and political image
Political positions

John Sidney McCain III ran for President of the United States in the 2000 presidential campaign, but failed to gain the Republican Party nomination. He returned to the United States Senate in 2001 after his defeat by George W. Bush, most notable in a bitter battle in the South Carolina primary, with Bush now the President of the United States.

Contents

[edit] Activities during first Bush term, 2001-2004

[edit] Peak "maverick"

John McCain's Gallup Poll favorable/unfavorable ratings, 1999–2008
John McCain's Gallup Poll favorable/unfavorable ratings, 1999–2008[1]

Following the 2000 presidential election, there was a large amount of lingering bitterness between George W. Bush and McCain and between their respective staffs.[2][3][4] McCain was also upset that the Bush administration hired few if any of his aides for White House positions.[5] McCain began 2001 by taking positions opposite that of the new administration on a number of matters.[6] In January 2001 the latest iteration of McCain-Feingold was introduced into the Senate; it was opposed by Bush and most of the Republican establishment,[6] but helped by the 2000 election results, it passed the Senate in one form until procedural obstacles delayed it again.[7] In these few months McCain also opposed Bush on an HMO reform bill, on climate change measures, and on gun legislation.[6] Then in May 2001, McCain voted against the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001,[8] Bush's $350 billion in tax breaks over 11 years, which became known as "the Bush tax cuts". He was one of only two Republicans to do so,[6] saying that "I cannot in good conscience support a tax cut in which so many of the benefits go to the most fortunate among us, at the expense of middle class Americans who most need tax relief."[9][8]

When Republican Senator Jim Jeffords became an Independent, throwing control of the Senate to Democrats, McCain defended Jeffords against "self-appointed enforcers of party loyalty."[6] Indeed, there was speculation at the time,[10] and in years since,[11] about McCain himself possibly leaving the Republican Party during the first half of 2001. Accounts have differed as to who initiated any discussions, and McCain has always adamantly denied, then and later, that he ever considered doing so.[6][11] In any case, all of this was enough for conservative Arizonan critics of McCain to organize rallies and recalls against him in May and June 2001.[6]

[edit] September 11 and afterwards

During the September 11, 2001 attacks, McCain was in transit to, and at, his office in the U.S. Capitol.[12] After being evacuated, he stayed at an associate's Capitol Hill residence and made 17 national and Arizona media appearances to comment upon the attacks.[12] In the days after, he became one of the most visible leadership voices in the nation,[12] saying: "If there's anything Americans should know about this, it's that it's going to be a long struggle ... Americans have gotten used to quick fixes. We haven't been in a long struggle since the Vietnam War."[13] McCain became a supporter of Bush and an advocate for strong military measures against those responsible with respect to the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan;[6] in a high-profile[6] late October 2001 Wall Street Journal op-ed piece he wrote, "America is under attack by a depraved, malevolent force that opposes our every interest and hates every value we hold dear." After advocating an overwhelming, not incremental, approach against the Taliban in Afghanistan, including the use of ground forces, he concluded, "War is a miserable business. Let's get on with it."[14] He and Democratic Senator Joe Lieberman wrote the legislation that created the 9/11 Commission,[15] while he and Democratic Senator Fritz Hollings co-sponsored the Aviation and Transportation Security Act that federalized airport security under what became the Transportation Security Administration.[16]

McCain's Senate web site from 2003 through 2006 prominently illustrated his concern about pork barrel spending.
McCain's Senate web site from 2003 through 2006 prominently illustrated his concern about pork barrel spending.

McCain-Feingold had been yet further delayed by the effects of September 11.[17] Finally in March 2002, aided by the aftereffects of the Enron scandal, it passed both House and Senate and, known formally as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act, was signed into law by President Bush.[6] Seven years in the making, it was McCain's greatest legislative achievement[6] and had become, in the words of one biographer, "one of the most famous pieces of federal legislation in modern American political history."[18]

Meanwhile, in discussions over proposed U.S. action against Iraq, McCain was a strong supporter of the Bush position, labeling Saddam Hussein "a megalomaniacal tyrant whose cruelty and offense to the norms of civilization are infamous."[6] Unequivocally stating that Iraq had substantial weapons of mass destruction, McCain stated that Iraq was "a clear and present danger to the United States of America."[6] Accordingly he voted for the Iraq War Resolution in October 2002.[6] Both before and immediately after the Iraq War started in March 2003, McCain agreed with the Bush administration's assertions that the U.S. forces would be treated as liberators by most of the Iraqi people.[19] In May 2003, McCain voted against the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003, the second round of Bush tax cuts which served to extend and accelerate the first (which he had also voted against), saying it was unwise at a time of war.[8] By November 2003, after a trip to Iraq, McCain was publicly questioning Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld's handling of the Iraq War, saying that "All of the trends are in the wrong direction" and that more U.S. troops were needed to handle the deteriorating situation in the Sunni Triangle.[20] By December 2004, McCain was bluntly announcing that he had lost confidence in Rumsfeld.[21]

In October 2003 the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act failed a vote in the Senate by 55 votes to 43, but would have introduced a cap and trade system of greenhouse gases at the 2000 emissions level.[22] In 2005 it was reintroduced under the altered moniker of the Climate Change Stewardship and Innovation Act, but again failed to gather enough support; Republicans opposed the Bill 49-6, while Democrats supported it 37-10.[23]. If passed, the acts would have capped 2010 CO2 emissions at the 2000 level. Residential and agricultural areas, as well as other areas deemed "not feasible", would be exempt. The bill would have also established a scholarship at the National Academy of Sciences for those studying climatology.[22]

[edit] 2004 elections

In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, McCain was once again frequently mentioned for the vice-presidential slot, only this time as part of the Democratic ticket underneath nominee John Kerry.[24][25] Kerry and McCain had been close since their work on the early 1990s Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, and the pairing was seen as having great allure to independent voters,[24] with polls seeming to confirm the notion.[25] McCain had seemed open such a possibility in a March 2004 interview, only to have his staff reject it hours later.[26] In June 2004, it was reported that Kerry had informally offered the slot to McCain several times, but McCain had declined, either on grounds that it would be infeasible and weaken the presidency[25] or that the vice-presidency held no appeal for him.[24] McCain's office formally denied that any vice-presidential offer had taken place.[25] At the 2004 Republican National Convention, McCain enthusiastically supported Bush for re-election,[27] praising Bush's management of the War on Terror since the September 11 attacks.[27] At the same time, McCain defended Kerry by labeling the Swift Boat Veterans for Truth campaign against Kerry's Vietnam war record as "dishonest and dishonorable" and urging the Bush campaign to condemn it.[28] By August 2004, McCain had the best favorable-to-unfavorable rating (55 percent to 19 percent) of any national politician.[27]

McCain was himself up for re-election as Senator in 2004. There was some talk of Representative Jeff Flake mounting a Republican primary challenge against McCain;[21] Stephen Moore, president of the ideologically-oriented Club for Growth (which attempts to defeat those it considers Republican in Name Only), led talk for the prospect,[29] saying "Our members loathe John McCain."[30] Flake decided not to do it, later saying "I would have been whipped."[29] In the general election McCain had his biggest margin of victory yet, garnering 77 percent of the vote against little-known Democrat Stuart Starky, an eighth grade math teacher[31] whom The Arizona Republic termed a "sacrificial lamb".[21] Exit polls showed that McCain even won a majority of the votes cast by Democrats.[32]

Following his 2000 presidential campaign, McCain made frequent appearances on entertainment programs on television and also in film, and even more so after 2004.[21] He hosted the October 12, 2002, episode of Saturday Night Live, making him the third U.S. Senator after Paul Simon and George McGovern, to host the show.

[edit] Activities during second Bush term, 2005-2008

[edit] Presence

McCain has been a regular guest on The Daily Show; as of 2006 he had been on that show eleven times, more than anyone else. McCain appeared in slightly edgy bits on Late Night with Conan O'Brien,[33] and also appeared several times on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and the Late Show with David Letterman.[34] McCain made a brief cameo on the television show 24 in 2006[34] and also made a cameo in the 2005 summer movie Wedding Crashers. In more serious fare, a television film entitled Faith Of My Fathers, based on McCain's memoir of his experiences as a POW, aired on Memorial Day, 2005, on A&E.[35] McCain was also interviewed in the 2005 documentary Why We Fight by Eugene Jarecki.[36] McCain continued to show up on the network Sunday political talk shows Meet the Press, Face the Nation, and This Week; from 2001 to April 2008 he appeared on them a total of 152 times, much more than any other political figure.[37]

Due in large part to his presidential candidacy, McCain missed over half of his Senate votes in 110th Congress through early August 2007. This was more than any other senator except Tim Johnson, who was absent due to health reasons.[38]

[edit] Domestic issues

McCain speaking in Senate against earmarking, February 2007
McCain speaking in Senate against earmarking, February 2007

On judicial appointments, McCain was long a believer in judges who “would strictly interpret the Constitution,” and accordingly over the years would support the confirmations of Robert Bork, Clarence Thomas, John Roberts, and Samuel Alito.[39] McCain also drew the ire of the originalist and similar legal movements in the U.S. in May 2005, however, when he led the so-called "Gang of 14" in the Senate, which established a compromise that preserved the ability of senators to filibuster judicial nominees, but only in "extraordinary circumstances."

During 2005, McCain, as chair of the Senate Indian Affairs Committee, played a leading role in exposing the Jack Abramoff Indian lobbying scandal, finding money laundering, fraud, and tax violations.[40] The investigations continued into 2006, with the committee tracing Abramoff's activies across six tribes and states.[41]

Breaking from his 2001 and 2003 votes, McCain supported the Bush tax cut extension in May 2006, known as the Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, saying not to do so would amount to a tax increase.[8] The McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act was reintroduced for a third time January 2007, this time with the co-sponsorship of Barack Obama, among others. It featured a gradually reducing cap on emissions, and again failed the Senate vote, despite bipartisan support.[42]

Working with Democratic Senator Ted Kennedy, McCain was a strong proponent of comprehensive immigration reform, which would involve legalization, guest worker programs, and border enforcement components: the Secure America and Orderly Immigration Act was never voted on in 2005, while the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2006 passed the Senate in May 2006 but then failed in the House.[21] In June 2007, President Bush, McCain and others made the strongest push yet for such a bill, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, but it aroused tremendous grassroots opposition among talk radio listeners and others as an "amnesty" program, and twice failed to gain cloture in the Senate and thus failed.

[edit] Iraq and national security

President George W. Bush presenting birthday cake to Senator McCain. Luke Air Force Base, August 29, 2005.
President George W. Bush presenting birthday cake to Senator McCain. Luke Air Force Base, August 29, 2005.

Owing to his time as a POW, McCain has been recognized for his sensitivity to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the War on Terror. McCain has been an opponent of the Bush administration's use of "enhanced interrogation techniques" in the War on Terror, and has specifically referred to waterboarding as torture.[43][44] On October 3, 2005, McCain introduced the McCain Detainee Amendment to the Defense Appropriations bill for 2005. On October 5, 2005, the United States Senate voted 90-9 to support the amendment.[45] The amendment prohibits inhumane treatment of prisoners, including prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, by confining interrogations to the techniques in FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation. Although Bush had threatened to veto the bill if McCain's language was included,[46] the President announced on December 15, 2005 that he accepted McCain's terms and would "make it clear to the world that this government does not torture and that we adhere to the international convention of torture, whether it be here at home or abroad."[47] Bush made clear his interpretation of this legislation in a signing statement, reserving what he interpreted to be his Presidential constitutional authority in order to avoid further terrorist attacks.[48] He has also said that he intends to "immediately close" the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp.[49]

In February 2008, despite his earlier statements against waterboarding, McCain voted against a ban on the technique's use by the CIA.[50] The bill in question contained other provisions to which McCain objected, and his spokesman stated: "This wasn't a vote on waterboarding. This was a vote on applying the standards of the [Army] field manual to CIA personnel."[51]

In Baghdad with General David Petraeus, November 2007.
In Baghdad with General David Petraeus, November 2007.

McCain continued questioning the progress of the war in Iraq. In September 2005, he questioned Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Richard Myers' habit of optimistic outlooks on the war's progress: "Things have not gone as well as we had planned or expected, nor as we were told by you, General Myers."[52] In August 2006 he criticized the administration for continually understating the effectiveness of the insurgency: "We [have] not told the American people how tough and difficult this could be."[21] From the beginning McCain strongly supported the Iraq troop surge of 2007;[53] the strategy's opponents labeled it "McCain's plan"[54] and University of Virginia political science professor Larry Sabato said, "McCain owns Iraq just as much as Bush does now."[21] The surge and the war were quite unpopular during most of the year, even within the Republican Party,[55] as McCain's presidential campaign was underway; faced with the consequences, McCain frequently responded, "I would much rather lose a campaign than a war."[56] In January 2008, when a questioner said, "President Bush has talked about our staying in Iraq for 50 years," McCain responded, "Make it a hundred. We've been in Japan for 60 years, we've been in South Korea for 50 years or so. That'd be fine with me as long as Americans are not being injured or harmed or wounded or killed. That's fine with me. I hope it will be fine with you if we maintain a presence in a very volatile part of the world where Al Qaeda is training, recruiting, equipping, and motivating people every single day."[57]

In spring 2008, McCain engaged in legislative conflict with fellow Naval Academy graduate and Vietnam veteran Jim Webb, regarding the latter's Post-9/11 Veterans Educational Assistance Act.[58] McCain thought it too bureaucratic and that it would weaken retention of service members, and proposed alternate legislation instead.[59]

[edit] Awards and honors

[edit] Election results

Main article: Electoral history of John McCain
U.S. Senate elections in Arizona (Class III): Results 2004–present[64]
Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
2004 Stuart Starky 404,507 21% John McCain 1,505,372 77% Ernest Hancock Libertarian 51,798 3%

[edit] References

The life of John McCain
Early life and military career
House and Senate career, 1982–2000
2000 presidential campaign
Senate career, 2001–present
2008 presidential campaign
Cultural and political image
Political positions
  1. ^ Data for table is from Favorability: People in the News: John McCain. The Gallup Organization (2008). Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
  2. ^ Drew, Elizabeth (2002). Citizen McCain. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0743230025.  p. 5.
  3. ^ Peter Baker. "Alliance and Rivalry Link Bush, McCain", The Washington Post, 2008-04-29. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  4. ^ Alexander, Paul (2002). Man of the People: The Life of John McCain. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-22829-X.  p. x.
  5. ^ Bumiller, Elisabeth. "Two McCain Moments, Rarely Mentioned", The New York Times, 2008-03-24. Retrieved on 2008-03-24. 
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' and President Bush", The Arizona Republic, 2007-03-01. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  7. ^ Maisel, Louis Sandy; Kara Z. Buckley (2004). Parties and Elections in America: The Electoral Process. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0742526704.  pp. 165–166.
  8. ^ a b c d Holan, Angie Drobnic. McCain switched on tax cuts. PolitiFact. St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved on 2007-12-27.
  9. ^ United States Senate (2001-05-26). "McCain Statement on Final Tax Reconciliation Bill". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-02-02.
  10. ^ Edsall, Thomas and Milbank, Dana. "McCain Is Considering Leaving GOP: Arizona Senator Might Launch a Third-Party Challenge to Bush in 2004", The Washington Post, 2001-06-02. 
  11. ^ a b Cusack, Bob. "Democrats say McCain nearly abandoned GOP", The Hill, 2007-03-28. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  12. ^ a b c Drew, Citizen McCain, pp. 131–133.
  13. ^ Drew, Citizen McCain, pp. 138.
  14. ^ McCain, John. "No Substitute for Victory: War is hell. Let's get on with it.", The Wall Street Journal, 2001-10-26. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  15. ^ "Senate bill would implement 9/11 panel proposals", CNN, 2004-09-08. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  16. ^ "Senate Approves Aviation Security, Anti-Terrorism Bills", Online NewsHour, PBS, 2001-10-12. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  17. ^ Maisel, Buckley (2004), pp. 165–166.
  18. ^ Alexander (2002), p. 168.
  19. ^ "Ignoring McCain's "greeted as liberators" assurance, Wash. Post editorial credited him with prewar "foresight"", Media Matters, 2007-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  20. ^ "Newsmaker: Sen. McCain", NewsHour, PBS, 2003-11-06. Retrieved on 2008-01-17. 
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Nowicki, Dan and Muller, Bill. "John McCain Report: The 'maverick' goes establishment", The Arizona Republic, 2007-03-01. Retrieved on 2007-12-23. 
  22. ^ a b Summary of the Lieberman-McCain Climate Stewardship Act. Pew Centre on Global Climate Change. Retrieved on 2008-04-24.
  23. ^ A breakdown of the Senate vote on the Climate Stewardship Act | Grist | Muckraker | 05 Nov 2003
  24. ^ a b c David M. Halbfinger. "McCain Is Said To Tell Kerry He Won't Join", The New York Times, 2004-06-12. Retrieved on 2008-01-03. 
  25. ^ a b c d Balz, Dan and VandeHei, Jim. "McCain's Resistance Doesn't Stop Talk of Kerry Dream Ticket", The Washington Post, 2004-06-12. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 
  26. ^ "McCain: I'd 'entertain' Democratic VP slot", Associated Press for USA Today, 2004-03-10. Retrieved on 2008-05-06. 
  27. ^ a b c Loughlin, Sean. "McCain praises Bush as 'tested'", CNN.com, 2004-08-30. Retrieved on 2007-11-14. 
  28. ^ Coile, Zachary. "Vets group attacks Kerry; McCain defends Democrat", San Francisco Chronicle, 2004-08-06. Retrieved on 2006-08-15. 
  29. ^ a b Baumann, David. "Sacred Cows and Revered Rodents", National Journal, 2006-03-25. Retrieved on 2007-12-23. 
  30. ^ Whitesides, John. "Republican 'Club' on War Path Against Moderates", Reuters, 2002-09-04. Retrieved on 2007-12-23. 
  31. ^ Wells, Holly. "McCain, Starky keep it friendly", Arizona Daily Wildcat, 2004-10-18. Retrieved on 2007-12-23. 
  32. ^ "Election 2004: U.S. Senate - Arizona - Exit Poll". Retrieved on 2007-12-23. 
  33. ^ Celebrity secrets: McCain secrets. Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Retrieved on 2006-08-16.
  34. ^ a b John McCain. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-05-11.
  35. ^ "Recently Reviewed: Faith of My Fathers". Variety. 2005-05-30. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
  36. ^ Keogh, Tom. ""Why We Fight": A sobering look at the military-industrial complex", The Seattle Times, 2006-02-10. Retrieved on 2008-01-09. 
  37. ^ Paul Waldman. "How Democrats Can Beat McCain", The American Prospect, 2008-04-29. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  38. ^ Senate members who missed votes: 110th Congress. The Washington Post (early August 2007). Retrieved on 2008-03-10.
  39. ^ Curry, Tom. "McCain takes grim message to South Carolina", MSNBC.com, 2007-04-26. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  40. ^ Schmidt, Susan; Grimaldi, James. “Panel Says Abramoff Laundered Tribal Funds; McCain Cites Possible Fraud by Lobbyist”, Washington Post (2005-06-23).
  41. ^ Anderson, John. Follow the Money (Simon and Schuster 2007), page 254.
  42. ^ Lieberman, McCain Reintroduce Climate Stewardship and Innovation Act. Joe Lieberman, United States Senator (2007-12-01). Retrieved on 2008-04-24.
  43. ^ Senate ignores veto threat in limiting detainee treatment CNN.com, Oct. 6, 2005
  44. ^ Highlights from the GOP debate CNN.com, May 16, 2007
  45. ^ Roll Call Votes 109th Congress - 1st Session on the Amendment (McCain Amdt. No. 1977). United States Senate (2005-10-05). Retrieved on 2006-08-15.
  46. ^ "Senate ignores veto threat in limiting detainee treatment", CNN.com, October 6, 2005. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 
  47. ^ "McCain, Bush agree on torture ban", CNN, 2005-12-15. Retrieved on 2006-08-16. 
  48. ^ White House (2005-12-30). "President's Statement on Signing of H.R. 2863, the 'Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006'". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-08-16.
  49. ^ Sherwell, Philip. "Straight-talking McCain vows to fix world's view of the 'ugly American'", Sunday Telegraph, 2007-03-19. Retrieved on 2008-02-07. 
  50. ^ Herszenhorn, David M (2008-02-13). Senate Passes Interrogation Ban. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-03-10.
  51. ^ Eggen, Dan (2008-02-16). Vote Against Waterboarding Bill Called Consistent. Washington Post. Retrieved on 2008-06-09. "[T]he aide said, there are noncoercive interrogation techniques not used by the Army that could be useful to the CIA."
  52. ^ Ricks, Thomas E. (2006). Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-103-X.  p. 412.
  53. ^ Baldor, Lolita. "McCain Defends Bush's Iraq Strategy", Associated Press for CBS News, January 12, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-01-13. 
  54. ^ Giroux, Greg. "'Move On' Takes Aim at McCain’s Iraq Stance", The New York Times, 2007-01-17. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 
  55. ^ Carney, James. "The Resurrection of John McCain", Time, 2008-01-23. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 
  56. ^ Crawford, Jamie. "Iraq won't change McCain", CNN, 2007-07-28. Retrieved on 2008-01-18. 
  57. ^ "McCain's Hundred Years War", Dallas Morning News, 3 January 2008. 
  58. ^ David Lerman. "McCain won't back Webb's GI Bill plan", Daily Press, 2008-04-16. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  59. ^ David Rogers. "GI bill sparks Senate war", The Politico, 2008-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 
  60. ^ "Honourary Patrons". University Philosophical Society. Trinity College Dublin (2008-04-12). Retrieved on 2008-05-10.
  61. ^ The Eisenhower Institute (2005-08-24). "Senator John S. McCain to Receive 2005 Eisenhower Leadership Prize". Press release. Retrieved on 2006-11-14.
  62. ^ Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (2006-12-05). "JINSA Bestows Distinguished Service Award Upon Senator John McCain". Press release. Retrieved on 2007-12-27.
  63. ^ Turner, Malcolm. "Senator John McCain receives Policy Maker of the Year Award", Leader magazine, 2007-02-20. Retrieved on 2007-12-27. 
  64. ^ Election Statistics. Clerk of the House of Representatives.
v • d • e
John McCain
Political activities
Elections
Life
Books authored
Family
Cindy Hensley McCain (wife) · Carol McCain (first wife) · Meghan McCain (daughter) · John S. McCain, Jr. (father) · Roberta McCain (mother) · Joe McCain (brother) · John S. McCain, Sr. (grandfather)