Semen Paliy

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Semen Paliy depicted on Ukrainian Obolon beer label

Semen Paliy (Ukrainian: Семен Палiй) (circa 1645- 1710) was a Ukrainian Cossack polkovnyk (colonel). Born in Chernihiv region, Paliy settled in Zaporizhia at a very young age and gained fame as a brave fighter and Zaporozhian Cossack.

In 1685 Paliy moved to the right-bank Ukraine and joined the service of Polish king Jan Sobieski. During his years in Polish service Paliy proved himself as an able Cossack commander in wars against Crimean Tatars and Ottoman Turks. Among other military deeds his men successfully raided Turkish fortress of Ochakov.

In the 1690s Semen Paliy, however, became wary of Polish overlordship of Ukraine and sent several requests to Moscow asking the Russians to help him free right-bank Ukraine from Poland.

In 1702 after new Polish king Augustus II disbanded Cossack militia and signed peace with Ottoman Turkey, Paliy started an open rebellion against the crown. Together with a number of other Cossack polkovnyks Paliy and his rebels captured Bila Tserkva, Fastiv, Nemirov and few other towns. Rebellious Cossacks massacred Polish szlachta, Catholic priests and Jews in the area they controlled. On October 17, 1702 Paliy and his Cossacks defeated Polish army near the town of Berdychiv, gaining hold over most of Podolia.

Russian Tsar Peter I and Ukrainian hetman Ivan Mazepa who were allied with Poland against Sweden at the time ordered Paliy to surrender Bila Tserkva, but he and his men refused.

Mazepa convinced Russian Tsar Peter I to allow him to intervene, which he successfully did, taking over major portions of right-bank Ukraine, while Poland was weakened by invasion of Swedish king Charles XII. Fearing the popularity of Paliy, Mazepa had him exiled to Siberia in 1705.

In 1709 after Mazepa switched sides and joined the Swedes against Russia, Paliy together with other enemies of Mazepa was freed from the exile. During the Battle of Poltava he fought against Mazepa and Charles XII in the ranks of loyal to Russia Cossacks.

After his death Paliy became a folk hero of many Ukrainian songs and legends. A church in the city of Fastiv (still preserved) was named Tserkva Paliya after him.

Semen Paliy is portrayed in later fictional literature describing his times, most notably in the Cossack series by Volodymyr Malyk.