Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer
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Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer (of Evibach) (1597 – February 15, 1661) was a Swiss military commander, mercenary entrepreneur, and one of the foremost politicians of the Old Swiss Confederacy in the seventeenth century.
A native of the Swiss canton of Uri (he was probably born in Klingnau), Zwyer initially pursued a military career. From 1612 to 1617, he served in a mercenary regiment in the service of Spain and Milan; from 1619 to 1642 he was in service for the Habsburg emperors, first for Ferdinand II and then Ferdinand III. Zwyer fought in several battles of the Thirty Years' War. He participated in the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, fought at Glückstadt in 1624, at Mantova in 1630, and at Nördlingen in 1634.
In 1635 he was promoted to the rank of Generalmajor and made a member of the emperor's staff, where he was responsible for reforming the armies following the Swedish example. From 1638 to 1641 he again fought in northern Italy, commanding his own regiment of Swiss mercenaries.
In 1642 he returned to Uri and became active in the local politics. 1643 the emperor named Zwyer his official envoy in the Confederacy. From 1644 to 1659, he filled the top positions in Uri: he was one of the two representatives of Uri at the Tagsatzung, the federal council of the Old Swiss Confederacy, and from 1647 on also the Landammann (head of state) of the canton. In 1648, the Tagsatzung designated him and Johann Rudolf Wettstein, the mayor of Basel, the official negotiators of the Confederacy at the Treaty of Westphalia with the task to ensure the formal exemption of the Confederacy from the Holy Roman Empire.
During the Swiss peasant war of 1653, Zwyer commanded the joint troops of the city of Lucerne and Uri, putting down the revolt in the Entlebuch valley in the canton of Lucerne. Three years later, he again commanded Catholic troops in the First war of Villmergen, a religiously motivated civil war in the Old Swiss Confederacy.
[edit] References
- Zurfluh, A.: Zwyer, Sebastian Peregrin (von Evibach) in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland. Version of 2002-10-07. URL last accessed 2006-11-21.
[edit] Further reading
- Zurfluh, A.: Sebastian Peregrin Zwyer von Evebach. Eine sozio-kulturelle Biographie eines innerschweizerischen Kriegsmannes im Dienste der Habsburger während des Dreissigjährigen Krieges; Thesis Verlag 1993. ISBN 3-908544-05-X.
