Sea robin

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Sea Robin

Red gurnard, Chelidonichthys spinosus

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Family:	Triglidae

Genera

Aspitrigla
Bellator
Chelidonichthys
Eutrigla
Lepidotrigla
Prionotus
Pterygotrigla
Trigla
See text for species.

Sea robins are bottom-feeding scorpaeniform fishes in the family Triglidae. They get their name from their large pectoral fins, which, when swimming, open and close like a bird's wings in flight. Sea robins have six spiny "legs," three on each side. These legs are really flexible spines that were once part of the pectoral fin. Over time, the spines separated themselves from the rest of the fin, evolving into feeler-like "forelegs." The pelvic fins have been thought to let the fish "walk" on the bottom, but are really used to stir up food. When caught, it makes a croaking noise similar to a frog. The first three rays of the pectoral fins are membrane free and used for chemoreception.

Sea Robin flesh is described as firm and tender when cooked. The fish serves as an adequate replacement to rascasse, or scorpionfish, in bouillabaisse. Consequently, the Sea Robin plays an important role in Armenian cuisine.

[edit] Species

There are 114 species in eight genera:

Genus Aspitrigla
- East Atlantic red gurnard, Aspitrigla cuculus (Linnaeus, 1758).
Genus Bellator
- Shortfin searobin, Bellator brachychir (Regan, 1914).
- Streamer searobin, Bellator egretta (Goode & Bean, 1896).
  
  Streamer searobin, Bellator egretta
- Bellator farrago Richards & McCosker, 1998.
- Naked-belly searobin, Bellator gymnostethus (Gilbert, 1892).
- Barred searobin, Bellator loxias (Jordan, 1897).
- Horned searobin, Bellator militaris (Goode & Bean, 1896).
  
  Horned searobin, Bellator militaris
- Bellator ribeiroi Miller, 1965.
- Splitnose searobin, Bellator xenisma (Jordan & Bollman, 1890).
Genus Chelidonichthys
- Cape gurnard, Chelidonichthys capensis (Cuvier, 1829).
- Gabon gurnard, Chelidonichthys gabonensis (Poll & Roux, 1955).
- Chelidonichthys ischyrus Jordan & Thompson, 1914.
- Bluefin gurnard, Chelidonichthys kumu (Cuvier, 1829).
- Streaked gurnard, Chelidonichthys lastoviza (Bonnaterre, 1788).
- Tub gurnard, Chelidonichthys lucernus (Linnaeus, 1758).
- Longfin gurnard, Chelidonichthys obscurus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
- Lesser gurnard, Chelidonichthys queketti (Regan, 1904).
- Red gurnard, Chelidonichthys spinosus (Gomon, 1987).
Genus Eutrigla
- Grey gurnard, Eutrigla gurnardus (Linnaeus, 1758).
Genus Lepidotrigla
- Lepidotrigla abyssalis Jordan & Starks, 1904.
- Lepidotrigla alata (Houttuyn, 1782).
- Lepidotrigla alcocki Regan, 1908.
- Lepidotrigla annamarae del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Long-finned gurnard, Lepidotrigla argus Ogilby, 1910.
- Lepidotrigla argyrosoma Fowler, 1938.
- Twohorn gurnard, Lepidotrigla bentuviai Richards & Saksena, 1977.
- Bullhorn gurnard, Lepidotrigla bispinosa Steindachner, 1898.
- Scaly gurnard, Lepidotrigla brachyoptera Hutton, 1872.
- Scalebreast gurnard, Lepidotrigla cadmani Regan, 1915.
- Lepidotrigla calodactyla Ogilby, 1910.
- Carol's gurnard, Lepidotrigla carolae Richards, 1968.
- Large-scaled gurnard, Lepidotrigla cavillone (Lacépède, 1801).
- Lepidotrigla deasoni Herre & Kauffman, 1952.
- Spiny gurnard, Lepidotrigla dieuzeidei Blanc & Hureau, 1973.
- Lepidotrigla eydouxii Sauvage, 1878.
- Scalybreast gurnard, Lepidotrigla faurei Gilchrist & Thompson, 1914.
- Supreme gurnard, Lepidotrigla grandis Ogilby, 1910.
- Lepidotrigla guentheri Hilgendorf, 1879.
- Lepidotrigla hime Matsubara & Hiyama, 1932.
- Lepidotrigla japonica (Bleeker, 1854).
- Lepidotrigla jimjoebob Richards, 1992.
- Lepidotrigla kanagashira Kamohara, 1936.
- Lepidotrigla kishinouyi Snyder, 1911.
- Lepidotrigla larsoni del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Lepidotrigla lepidojugulata Li, 1981.
- Lepidotrigla longifaciata Yatou, 1981.
- Lepidotrigla longimana Li, 1981.
- Lepidotrigla longipinnis Alcock, 1890.
- Lepidotrigla macrobrachia Fowler, 1938.
- Lepidotrigla marisinensis (Fowler, 1938).
- Lepidotrigla microptera Günther, 1873.
- Grooved gurnard, Lepidotrigla modesta Waite, 1899.
- Rough-snouted gurnard, Lepidotrigla mulhalli Macleay, 1884.
- Indian Ocean spiny gurnard, Lepidotrigla multispinosa Smith, 1934.
- Lepidotrigla musorstom del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Lepidotrigla nana del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Lepidotrigla oglina Fowler, 1938.
- Oman gurnard, Lepidotrigla omanensis Regan, 1905.
- Australian spiny gurnard, Lepidotrigla papilio (Cuvier, 1829).
- Lepidotrigla pectoralis Fowler, 1938.
- Eastern spiny gurnard, Lepidotrigla pleuracanthica (Richardson, 1845).
- Lepidotrigla punctipectoralis Fowler, 1938.
- Lepidotrigla robinsi Richards, 1997.
- Lepidotrigla russelli del Cerro & Lloris, 1995.
- Lepidotrigla sayademalha Richards, 1992.
- Lepidotrigla sereti del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Spotwing gurnard, Lepidotrigla spiloptera Günther, 1880.
- Lepidotrigla spinosa Gomon, 1987.
- Lepidotrigla umbrosa Ogilby, 1910.
- Butterfly gurnard, Lepidotrigla vanessa (Richardson, 1839).
- Lepidotrigla vaubani del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Lepidotrigla venusta Fowler, 1938.
Genus Prionotus
- Spiny searobin, Prionotus alatus (Houttuyn, 1782).
  
  Spiny searobin, Prionotus alatus
- Whitesnout searobin, Prionotus albirostris Jordan & Bollman, 1890.
- Bean's searobin, Prionotus beanii Goode, 1896.
  
  Bean's searobin, Prionotus beanii
- Two-beaked searobin, Prionotus birostratus Richardson, 1844.
- Northern searobin, Prionotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1771).
- Striped searobin, Prionotus evolans (Linnaeus, 1766).
- Bristly searobin, Prionotus horrens Richardson, 1844.
- Bigeye searobin, Prionotus longispinosus Teague, 1951.
- Gulf of Mexico barred searobin, Prionotus martis Ginsburg, 1950.
- Galapagos gurnard, Prionotus miles Jenyns, 1840.
- Prionotus murielae Mowbray, 1928.
- Red searobin, Prionotus nudigula Ginsburg, 1950.
- Bandtail searobin, Prionotus ophryas Jordan & Swain, 1885.
- Mexican searobin, Prionotus paralatus Ginsburg, 1950.
- Bluewing searobin, Prionotus punctatus (Bloch, 1793).
- Bluespotted searobin, Prionotus roseus Jordan & Evermann, 1887.
- Blackwing searobin, Prionotus rubio Jordan, 1886.
- Common searobin, Prionotus ruscarius Gilbert & Starks, 1904.
- Leopard searobin, Prionotus scitulus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882.
- Shortwing searobin, Prionotus stearnsi Jordan & Swain, 1885.
- Lumptail searobin, Prionotus stephanophrys Lockington, 1881.
- Long-ray searobin, Prionotus teaguei Briggs, 1956.
- Bighead searobin, Prionotus tribulus Cuvier, 1829.
Genus Pterygotrigla
- Pterygotrigla acanthomoplate (Fowler, 1938).
- Pterygotrigla andertoni Waite, 1910.
- Mauritius gurnard, Pterygotrigla guezei Fourmanoir, 1963.
- Blackspotted gurnard, Pterygotrigla hemisticta (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843).
- Pterygotrigla hoplites (Fowler, 1938).
- Black-finned gurnard, Pterygotrigla leptacanthus (Günther, 1880).
- Pterygotrigla macrolepidota (Kamohara, 1938).
- Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus (Fowler, 1938).
- Pterygotrigla megalops (Fowler, 1938).
- Antrorse spined gurnard, Pterygotrigla multiocellata (Matsubara, 1937).
- Pterygotrigla multipunctata Yatou & Yamakawa, 1983.
- Yellow spotted gurnard, Pterygotrigla pauli Hardy, 1982.
- Spotted gurnard, Pterygotrigla picta (Günther, 1880).
- Latchet, Pterygotrigla polyommata (Richardson, 1839).
- Pterygotrigla robertsi del Cerro & Lloris, 1997.
- Pterygotrigla ryukyuensis Matsubara & Hiyama, 1932.
- Pterygotrigla spirai Golani & Baranes, 1997.
- Pterygotrigla tagala (Herre & Kauffman, 1952).
Genus Trigla
- Piper gurnard, Trigla lyra Linnaeus, 1758.
- Trigla lucerna