Scrum cap
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Traditionally in rugby union, the only form of headgear that was worn was the "scrum cap". This was intended simply to protect the ears of a player who is engaged in the scrum. This aimed to prevent swollen ears, which, if left untreated, led to the condition commonly known as cauliflower ears. The traditional scrum cap was constructed of a thin cloth helmet with padding over the ears, held in place by a strap. Buckles are not permitted. Often players will opt for a thin strip of foam or cloth and electrical tape wrapped around the ears like a head band.
Since the early 1990s, other players have taken to wearing padded headgear. This is intended to protect from cuts and head injuries that can occur from incidental contact in tackles or at rucks. The headgear is strictly defined by Regulation 12 of the IRB as being made of soft, thin materials. Solid materials, such as plastics, are expressly forbidden. Regulation 12[2] also gives details regarding the testing standards for this headgear. All headgear to be worn in rugby union must carry an IRB approval logo. Whilst they may prevent some cuts and abrasions, such headgear has not been shown to reduce concussive injury. Additionally lightly padded headgear such as a scrum cap greatly reduces the pain that occurs when players knock heads.
