Scombridae

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Scombridae
Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Scombridae
Genera
Subfamily Gasterochismatinae Gasterochisma Subfamily Scombrinae Acanthocybium Allothunnus Auxus Cybiosarda Euthynnus Grammatorcynus Gymnosarda Katsuwonus Orcynopsis Rastrelliger Sarda Scomber Scomberomorus Thunnus

Scombridae is the family of the mackerels, tunas, and bonitos, and thus includes many of the most important and familiar food fishes. The family consists of about 55 species in 15 genera and 2 subfamilies. All species are Scombrinae, except Butterfly kingfish - which is the sole member of subfamily Gasterochismatinae.

Scombrids have two dorsal fins, and a series of finlets between the rear dorsal fin and behind the anal fin. The caudal fin is strongly divided and ridgid, with a slender, ridged, base. The first (spiny) dorsal fin and the pelvic fins are normally retracted into body grooves. Species length varys from the 20 cm length of the island mackerel to the 458 cm recorded for the immense northern bluefin tuna.

Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and capable of considerable speed.

Some members of the family, in particular the tunas, are notable for being endothermic (warm-blooded).

Contents 1 Classification 2 Scombridae in Popular Culture 3 See also 4 References

[edit] Classification

Jordan, Evermann and Clark (1930) divide these fishes into the four families Cybiidae, Katsuwonidae, Scombridae, and Thunnidae,^[1] but this article follows FishBase in placing them in the single family Scombridae.^[2]

There are about fifty species in 14 genera:

• Genus Acanthocybium
  • Wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri (Cuvier, 1832).
• Genus Allothunnus
  • Slender tuna, Allothunnus fallai Serventy, 1948.
• Genus Auxis
  • Auxis rochei eudorax Collette & Aadland, 1996
  • Bullet tuna, Auxis rochei rochei (Rafinesque, 1810)
  • Auxis thazard brachydorax Collette & Aadland, 1996
  • Frigate tuna, Auxis thazard thazard (Lacepède, 1800)
• Genus Cybiosarda
  • Leaping bonito, Cybiosarda elegans (Whitley, 1935).
• Genus Euthynnus
  • Kawakawa, Euthynnus affinis (Cantor, 1849).
  • Little tunny, Euthynnus alletteratus (Rafinesque, 1810).
  • Black skipjack, Euthynnus lineatus Kishinouye, 1920.
• Genus Gasterochisma
  • Butterfly kingfish, Gasterochisma melampus Richardson, 1845.
• Genus Grammatorcynus
  • Shark mackerel, Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825).
  • Double-lined mackerel, Grammatorcynus bilineatus (Rüppell, 1836).
• Genus Gymnosarda
  • Dogtooth tuna, Gymnosarda unicolor (Rüppell, 1836).
• Genus Katsuwonus
  • Skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis (Linnaeus, 1758).
• Genus Orcynopsis
  • Plain bonito, Orcynopsis unicolor (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817).
• Genus Rastrelliger
  • Short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma (Bleeker, 1851).
  • Island mackerel, Rastrelliger faughni Matsui, 1967.
  • Indian mackerel, Rastrelliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816).
• Genus Sarda
  • Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Macleay, 1881).
  • Eastern Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis chiliensis (Cuvier, 1832).
  • Pacific bonito, Sarda chiliensis lineolata (Girard, 1858).
  • Striped bonito, Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
  • Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda (Bloch, 1793).
• Genus Scomber
  • Blue mackerel, Scomber australasicus Cuvier, 1832.
  • Atlantic chub mackerel, Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789.
  • Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782.
  • Atlantic mackerel, Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758.
• Genus Scomberomorus
  • Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis Collette, Russo & Zavala-Camin, 1978.
  • King mackerel, Scomberomorus cavalla (Cuvier, 1829).
  • Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus commerson (Lacépède, 1800).
  • Monterrey Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus concolor (Lockington, 1879).
  • Indo-Pacific king mackerel, Scomberomorus guttatus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801).
  • Korean seerfish, Scomberomorus koreanus (Kishinouye, 1915).
  • Streaked seerfish, Scomberomorus lineolatus (Cuvier, 1829).
  • Atlantic Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus maculatus (Couch, 1832).
  • Papuan seerfish, Scomberomorus multiradiatus Munro, 1964.
  • Australian spotted mackerel, Scomberomorus munroi Collette & Russo, 1980.
  • Japanese Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus niphonius (Cuvier, 1832).
  • Kanadi kingfish, Scomberomorus plurilineatus Fourmanoir, 1966.
  • Queensland school mackerel, Scomberomorus queenslandicus Munro, 1943.
  • Cero mackerel, Scomberomorus regalis (Bloch, 1793).
  • Broadbarred king mackerel, Scomberomorus semifasciatus (Macleay, 1883).
  • Pacific sierra, Scomberomorus sierra Jordan & Starks, 1895.
  • Chinese seerfish, Scomberomorus sinensis (Lacépède, 1800).
  • West African Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus tritor (Cuvier, 1832).
• Genus Thunnus
  • Albacore, Thunnus alalunga (Bonnaterre, 1788).
  • Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Bonnaterre, 1788).
  • Blackfin tuna, Thunnus atlanticus (Lesson, 1831).
  • Southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau, 1872).
  • Bigeye tuna, Thunnus obesus (Lowe, 1839).
  • Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844).
  • Northern bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758).
  • Longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol (Bleeker, 1851).

[edit] Scombridae in Popular Culture

Upon winning the 2007 Scripps National Spelling Bee, champion Evan M. O'Dorney appeared on CNN with Kiran Chetry. Chetry challenged the boy to spell the word "Scombridae," and O'Dorney was unsuccessful in his attempt, citing a supposed mispronunciation as cause of his failure. Since then, the video has surfaced online, becoming something of an internet fad and introducing the word Scombridae into mainstream vernacular.

[edit] See also

• Scombroid poisoning

[edit] References

1. ^ David Starr Jordan, Barton Warren Evermann and H. Walton Clark (1930). Report of the Commission for 1928. U.S. Commission for Fish and Fisheries, Washington, D.C.. 
2. ^ "Scombridae". FishBase. Ed. Rainer Froese and Daniel Pauly. January 2006 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2006.