Schutztruppe
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The Schutztruppe (protection troops) was the colonial armed force of Imperial Germany from the late 1800s to 1918 when Germany lost its colonies. It was made up of Germans who volunteered for colonial service with native troops called Askaris. Control over the Schutztruppen was exercised by the German Colonial Office. Police forces also existed in these colonies, in addition to Tsingtau, New Guinea, and German-held South Pacific Islands. Supreme command of the colonial forces, starting from 1897, was in Berlin at the Office for Colonial Affairs
In 1914 there were three Schutztruppe commands:
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[edit] German East Africa
see also: East African Campaign (World War I)
German East Africa consisting of 14 companies totalling 2,500 men with its headquarters in Dar es Salaam and reached 14,000 personnel and many more porters and laborers. They were commanded by Paul Emil von Lettow-Vorbeck and went on to become the last German unit to surrender. The colonial force for German East Africa became by that Realm law of 22. March 1891, the colonial forces for Cameroon and German southwest Africa by the realm law of 9. June 1895 establishes. The donation day of the colonial force for German East Africa became the 8. February 1889, in order to honour and announce the memory of the pointing man troop that the colonial force came out from the pointing man troop. The donation day for the colonial force in German southwest Africa became by those General cabinet order of 16. September 1911 on the 16. April 1889 fixed.
The regulation of the legal relations of the colonial forces in the African colonies took place via the realm law from 7. /18. July 1896 (colonial force law). 1907 became the administration of the colonial force into the again created Office for realm colonial integrated. The supreme command of the colonial force was accommodated in the masonry race 45/46 (Berlin center), in direct proximity of the office for realm colonial.
The troops exposed themselves Officers, Medical and veterinarian officers, NCOs, crews and officials as well as enlisted located ones together, in that German army as a special troop (Askari) Service did. In German southwest Africa there was no Askari. But one enlisted native auxiliary troops.
German East Africa Command at Daressalam with 14 field companies, each with 160 men on three Zuge (platoons) of 50 to 60 men each, plus a band:
- 1 Kompagnie: Aruscha
- 2 Kompagnie: Iringa and Unbena
- 3 Kompagnie: Lindi
- 4 Kompagnie: Kilimatinde and Ssingidda
- 5 Kompagnie: Massoko
- 6 Kompagnie: Udjidiji and Kassulo
- 7 Kompagnie: Bukoba, Ussuwi and Kifumbiro
- 8 Kompagnie: Tabora
- 9 Kompagnie: Usumbura
- 10 Kompagnie: Daressalam
- 11 Kompagnie: Kissenji and Mruhengeri
- 12 Kompagnie: Mahenge
- 13 Kompagnie: Kondoa Irangi
- 14 Kompagnie: Muansa and Ikoma
Additionally in Daressalam: a recruit depot, a signal department and Quartermaster.
With a strength of 68 officers, 42 physicians, 150 German officials, ammunition technicians and NCOs, 2472 African soldiers
During the war companies 15 to 30 were added plus A through H temporary companies, 1st through 8th Reserve Companies, and 1st through 8th Schutzenkompagnie (rifle companies), These last were originally formed of white settlers but became mixed racially mixed units as the war went on. Additionally numerous small detachments were also formed.
[edit] German Southwest Africa
German Southwest Africa consisting of 12 companies of mounted infantry totalling 1,500 men, primarily Germans. The 7th Company, stationed in the northern desert area of the colony, was mounted on specially imported camels. A single unit, called the 'Bastard' or 'Baster' Company of non-local natives was raised and did serve. Relations between the Germans and the Africans in this colony had deteriorated to the point that no local Africans would serve. However many Boers and Afrikaans did join to renew their fight against Great Britain.
The colonial forces for German southwest Africa consisted of soldiers of the Army and that Navy (and also Austrians), which had announced themselves voluntarily from their regiments for the troop. Before the shipment to Africa the volunteers were prepared on German training bases for their special tasks. Such a base was for example in Karlsruhe. Because of the often damp-hot conditions on the upper Rhine one provided here for an early acclimatization.
German Southwest Africa Command Windhuk
Court of the command, Intendantur, medical office and Vermessungstrupp
North district command Windhuk
- 1. Kompagnie: Rain stone, Seeis
- 4. Kompagnie (mg): Okanjande
- 6. Kompagnie: Outjo and Otavi
- 2. Battery: Johann Albrechts height
- Traffic course 1: Karibib
- Office for provisions: Karibib
- Horse depot: Okawayo
- Artillery and Train depot: Windhuk
- Military hospital: Windhuk
- Main medical depot: Windhuk
- Clothing depot: Windhuk
- Ortskommandantur: Windhuk
- Ortskommandantur and Office for provisions: Swakopmund
South district command: Keetmanshoop
- 2. Kompagnie: Ukamas
- 3. Kompagnie: Kanus
- 5. Kompagnie (mg): Chamis and Churutabis
- 7. and 8 Kompagnie: Gochas and Arahoab (Camel riders and mg), military hospital.
- 1. Battery: Narubis
- 3. Battery: Wreath/ring place Gibeon
- Traffic course 2: Keetmanshoop
- Artillery and Train depot: Keetmanshoop
- Military hospital - and medical depot: Keetmanshoop
- Clothing depot: Keetmanshoop
- Office for provisions: Keetmanshoop
- Garrison administration: Keetmanshoop
- Horse depot: Out
- Camel stud: Kalkfontain
- Ortskommandantur and Office for provisions: Loading and cutting bay
With a strength of 90 officers, 22 physicians, 9 veterinarians, 59 officials, ammunition technician, 342 NCOs, 1444 German soldiers
[edit] German West Africa
1. Cameroon (German Kamerun) consisting of 11 companies totalling 1,600 men with its headquarters in Soppo. The Kameruner colonial force came out 1894 from the three years before educated police troop. It was increased in the twenty years of its existence gradually and consisted with outbreak of the First World War of twelve companies.
Cameroon (Conditions: 1914) Command Soppo
- Kompagnie (master company) and Artilleriedetachement: Duala
- Kompagnie: Bamenda, Wum and Kentu
- Kompagnie: Mora and Kusseri
- Kompagnie (expedition company): Soppo
- Kompagnie: Buar and Carnot
- Kompagnie: Mbaiki, Nola and Nguku
- Kompagnie: Garua, Nassarau (Nassarao), Mubi, Marua, Lere
- Kompagnie: Ngaundere
- Kompagnie: Dume and Baturi
- Kompagnie: Ojem and Mimwoul
- Kompagnie: Akoafim, Ngarabinsam and Minkebe
- Kompagnie: Bumo, Fianga, Would ferment and Schoa
With a strength of 61 officers, 17 physicians, 23 officials, ammunition technician, 98 German NCOs, 1550 African soldiers
2. Togo (German Togoland) none stationed in the country. However, 1,000 or so were raised during the Great War. By the end of August 1914, all had surrendered to invading French and British forces.
[edit] Strength
1913 consisted the colonial forces in German East Africa of 410 Germans and 2,682 Askari, in German southwest Africa of 1.967 Germans and in Cameroon of 185 Germans and 1560 native ones.
[edit] Legal basis and authority
To the colonial forces the German military laws and the German military discipline acre meeting order applied. The military meeting jurisdiction over them became after the regulation of 26. July 1896 by the court of the supreme command of the colonial forces (realm chancellors and a speaking advice) and department departments of (commanders of the department and an investigation-prominent officer) administers. The procedure was that the German military meeting rules of the court of the 1. December 1908.
[edit] Police
In Africa and the South Seas, these were the Civil Service, subordinates the Government in Kiautschou. They were however in no case part of a military administration (with the number data concerning police troops it concerns frequently being.)
- German East Africa
With 4 officers, 61 Germans Wachtmeister, 147 African NCOs, 1,863 Askari (without club Askaris so mentioned)
- Cameroon
With 4 officers, 37 heads other German personnel, 1,255 men (ausschl. Tariff)
- German southwest Africa
With 7 officers, 9 heads administration, 68 patrolmen, 432 police supplementing, 50 contract policemen, in addition native police servants
- Togo
With 2 officers, ? Police master, 530plus African soldiers who constituted the only German forces.
- German New Guinea
With 19 German police masters, 670 native policemen in New Guinea and on the islands
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- Samoa
With 1 native police master, 30 Fita-Fita, 20-25 national policemen on Samoa. Those Fitafita consisted of chieftain sons and was mainly for the Order Service, as boat crew, auxiliary policeman, honour guard and a postman intended. The national policemen were intended against it for the usual police service.
The Chinese police (was part of the civil administration and consisted exclusively of Chinese) With European staff and 60 Chinese
The mounted police force of German Southwest Africa and was, contrary to the mounted police of the other colonies, exclusively German.
[edit] Literature
- German colonial encyclopedia, 1920, volume III, S. 321 FF. [1]
- Werner Kopf: The German colonial force 1889/1918, Dörfler publishing house
- Wolfgang Reith: The command authorities of the imperial colonial force in the homeland into German soldier yearbook 2000 and 2001 (2 parts) sign publishing house, Munich
- Thomas Morlang: Askari und Fitafita. 'Farbige' Söldner in den deutsche Kolonien, Berlin 2008
[edit] External links
German language sites:
- Protection and Overseas Troops
- Mauerstraße 45/46: The Oberkommando der Schutztruppen (Africa in Berlin - German History Museaum)
- Police uniforms in the German Protectorates
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