Schools of Japanese tea ceremony
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"Schools of Japanese tea ceremony" refers to the various lines or "streams" of the Japanese Way of Tea, known as ryūha (流派) in Japanese.
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[edit] san-Senke
The three best known lines, both in Japan and elsewhere, are associated with 16th-century tea master Sen no Rikyu and his descendants via his second wife, and are known collectively as the san-Senke (三千家), or "three Sen houses/families." These are the Omotesenke, Urasenke, and Mushanokōjisenke. Another line, which was located in Sakai and therefore called the Sakaisenke (堺千家), was the original senke (Sen house) founded by Sen no Rikyu. Rikyu's natural son, Sen Dōan, took over as head of the Sakaisenke after his father's death, but it soon disappeared because he had no son. Another school, named Edosenke, has no relation to the schools founded by the Sen family.
The san-Senke arose from the fact that three of the four sons of Genpaku Sōtan (Sen no Rikyu's grandson) inherited or built a tea house, and assumed the duty of passing forward the tea ideals and tea methodology of their great-grandfather, Sen no Rikyu. Kōshin Sōsa inherited Fushin-an (不審菴) and became the head (iemoto) of the Omotesenke school; Sensō Sōshitsu inherited Konnichi-an (今日庵) and became iemoto of the Urasenke school; and Ichiō Sōshu built Kankyū-an (官休庵) and became iemoto of Mushanokōjisenke. The names of these three family lines came about from the locations of their estates, as symbolized by their tea houses: the family in the front (omote), the family in the rear (ura), and the family on Mushanokōji Street.
[edit] Other schools
The three lines of the Sen family which count their founder as Sen Rikyu are simply known as the Omotesenke (literally, "front Sen family"), Urasenke ("rear Sen family"), and Mushakojisenke (Mushakoji-street Sen family). Schools that developed as branches or sub-schools of the Sansenke -- or separately from them -- are known as "~ryū" (from ryūha), which may be translated as "school" or "style." New schools often formed when factions split an existing school after several generations.
There are many of these schools, most of them quite small. By far the most active school today, both inside and outside Japan, is the Urasenke; Omotesenke, though popular within Japan, is much less well-represented abroad. Mushanokōjisenke, and most of the other schools, are virtually unknown outside Japan.
[edit] Current schools
- Oribe-ryū 織部流 (founder: Furuta Shigenari)
- Anrakuan-ryū 安楽庵流
- Chinshin-ryū 鎮信流
- Edosenke-ryū 江戸千家流
- Enshū-ryū 遠州流
- Furuichi-ryū 古市流
- Fusai-ryū 普斎流
- Fujibayashi-ryū 藤林流
- Fuhaku-ryū 不白流
- Fumai-ryū 不昧流
- Hayami-ryū 速水流
- Higoko-ryū 肥後古流
- Hisada-ryū 久田流
- Hosokawasansai-ryū 細川三斎流
- Horinouchi-ryū 堀内流
- Kayano-ryū 萱野流
- Kobori-ryū 小堀流
- Kogetsuenshū-ryū 壺月遠州流
- Matsuo-ryū 松尾流
- Mitani-ryū 三谷流
- Miyabi-ryū 雅流
- Nara-ryū 奈良流
- Rikyū-ryū 利休流
- Sakai-ryū 堺流
- Sekishū-ryū 石州流
- Sekishū-ryū Ikeiha 石州流怡渓派
- Sekishū-ryū Ōguchiha 石州流大口派
- Sekishū-ryū Shimizuha 石州流清水派
- Sekishū-ryū Nomuraha 石州流野村派
- Sōwa-ryū 宗和流
- Uedasōko-ryū 上田宗箇流
- Uraku-ryū 有楽流
- Yabunouchi-ryū 薮内流
