User:Sceptre/M1

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M1 Motorway

Road of the United Kingdom
Length 193 miles (310.6 km)
Direction South - North
Start London (A406)
Primary destinations Luton
Northampton
Leicester
Nottingham
Derby
Sheffield
Wakefield
Leeds.
End Hook Moor (A1(M))
Construction dates 1959 - 1999
Motorways joined 6A -
M25 motorway
7 -
M10 motorway
17 -
M45 motorway
19 -
M6 motorway
21 -
M69 motorway
32 -
M18 motorway
42 -
M62 motorway
43 -
M621 motorway
48 -
A1(M) motorway
Euroroute(s)
The M1 motorway heading south towards junction 37 at Barnsley, South Yorkshire.
The M1 motorway heading south towards junction 37 at Barnsley, South Yorkshire.
The M1 motorway heading north towards Leeds.
The M1 motorway heading north towards Leeds.
This article concerns the M1 motorway in England. For other M1 motorways, see M1 motorway (disambiguation).

The M1 is a major south – north motorway in England primarily connecting London to Leeds, where it joins the A1(M) near Aberford. While the M1 is considered to be the first inter-urban motorway to be completed in the United Kingdom[1], the first road to be built to motorway standard in the country was the Preston Bypass, which later became part of the M6.[2]

The motorway is 193 miles (311 km) long and was constructed in four phases; the majority of the motorway was opened in 1959 and between 1965 and 1968. The two ends of the motorway were extended later; the southern end in 1977 and the northern end in 1999. It forms part of the unsigned European route E13.

Contents

History

First Section, 1959

The first section of the motorway opened between junction 5 (Watford) and junction 18 (Crick/Rugby) on November 2, 1959 (1959-11-02) together with the motorway's two spurs, the M10 (from junction 7 to south of St Albans originally connecting to the A1) and the M45 (from junction 17 to the A45 and Coventry).

The M1 was officially inaugurated from Slip End, this is celebrated by a large concrete slab [3] on the bridge next to the village with inscription "London-Yorkshire Motorway, This slab was sealed by the Rt Hon Harold Watkinson M.P. Minister of transport inauguration day, 24th March 1958".

This section of the M1 broadly follows the route of the A5 north-west. It started at the Watford Bypass (A41), which runs south-east to meet the A1 at Apex corner, and ended on the A5 at Crick. The M10 spur motorway connected the M1 to the North Orbital Road (A405/A414, a precursor of the M25) where it also meet the A5 (now renumbered here as the A5183) and, two miles to the east via the A414, to the A6 (also renumbered as the A1081).

Although the whole of first section opened in 1959 it was built in two parts with the northern part (junctions 10 to 18) being built by John Laing[1] and the southern part (the St Albans Bypass) being built by Tarmac Construction[4].

There has never been a Junction 3 between Junctions 2 and 4. There were initially plans for a Junction 3 to be completed, but these have never materialised.

Rugby to Leeds, 1965 to 1968

The continuation of the motorway from junction 18 towards Yorkshire was carried out as a series of extensions between 1965 and 1968. Diverging from the A5, the motorway takes a more northerly route through the East Midlands, via Leicester, Loughborough, Nottingham to Sheffield where the M18 splits from the M1 at junction 32 to head to Doncaster.

Originally, the M1 was planned to end at Doncaster; however, it was decided to make what was going to be the "Leeds and Sheffield Spur", the primary route with the 11-mile (18 km) section to the A1(M) south of Doncaster given a separate motorway number.

From junction 32, the motorway passes between Sheffield and Rotherham, towards Barnsley then heads towards Wakefield and reaches the original end of the motorway at junction 44 to the east of Leeds. There were plans to route the M1 from just south of junction 42 where it interchanges with the M62, round the west of Leeds to the A1 at Dishforth; however the existing route to the east of Leeds was selected. With the M62 and M621, the M1 forms a ring of motorways around Leeds.

Leeds South Eastern Urban Motorway, 1972

In 1972 an extension of the M1 was opened into central Leeds as the Leeds South Eastern Motorway where it met the Leeds South Western Motorway (M621) coming north-east from the M62 at junction 3.

Leeds to Hook Moor, 1999

Between 1996 and 1999 the M1 section north of the M62 underwent a major reconstruction and extension to take the M1 on a new route to the A1(M) at Aberford. The new road involved the construction of a series of new junctions, bridges and viaducts to the east of Leeds. When the new section of M1 was completed and opened in 1999, the Leeds South Eastern Motorway section of the M1 was redesignated as the M621 and the junctions were given new numbers (M621 junctions 4 to 7).

London extensions, 1966, 1967 and 1977

The M1 was extended south from its original starting point at junction 5 towards London in three stages. The first stage, opened in 1966, took the motorway south-east, parallel to the A41 to meet the A5 at junction 4 south of Elstree. The second phase continued east to Scratchwood (where the London Gateway Service Area occupies the location of the missing junction 3 from where an unbuilt spur would have connected to the A1 at Stirling Corner), then south to run alongside the Midland Main Line towards Hendon where it meets the A1 again at junction 2 via a tightly curved flyover section. These flyovers connecting from the A1 were originally both for northbound traffic; the left one as the onramp to the M1, the right one going over the A1/A41 junction beneath to rejoin the A1 northbound.

The current junction 2 is about 650 yds (600 m) south of the original junction. Southbound traffic originally left the motorway via a slip road which passed under the A41/A1 Mill Hill Bypass and looped round to join it at Fiveways Interchange. This slip road is still in place and maintained, though not accessible to traffic. The northbound slip road from the A1 is now partially used as the entrance way to a business park but no longer reaches the northbound carriageway as it is cut off by the motorway continuing south.

The final section of the M1 was opened to junction 1 at Staples Corner in 1977. There the motorway meets the North Circular Road (A406) at a grade separated junction and roundabout. Plans made in the 1960s would have seen the motorway continue through the junction on an elevated roadway to end at West Hampstead where it would have met the North Cross Route, the northern section of the London Motorway Box, a proposed ring of urban motorway around the central area. The layout of the Staples Corner junction was originally built in accordance with these plans although most of the London Ringways Plan had been cancelled by 1973.

Improvements underway

Widening from Junction 6a to 10

Works to widen the M1, reducing congestion and improving both safety and journey time reliability, commenced mid-March 2006 and are expected to be completed by December 2008[5]

Junction 19

At the junction between the M1 motorway, M6 motorway and A14 road.[6]

Widening from Junction 25 to 28

Widening the M1 from Junction 25 to 28.[7]

Widening from Junction 31 to 32

Widening the M1 near Sheffield to four lanes.[8]

Proposed improvements

Widening from Junction 10 to 13

The Highways Agency is proposing to widen approximately 15 miles (24 km) of the M1 motorway between Junction 10, south of Luton, and Junction 13 where it joins with the A421. This will upgrade the motorway from 3 to 4 lanes. There will also be improvements to junctions 11, 12 and 13.[9].

Other widening proposals

There are plans to widen virtually the entire route of the M1 from Leicester through to Leeds.[10]. The National Audit Office was called in in May 2007 to investigate why the price of the project has risen from £3.7bn to £5.1bn (this includes the section from the M25 to Luton which is already under construction.[11]

Scheme Location Estimated Cost
From 21 to 30 Leicester to near Sheffield (25-28 already started) £1,915m
From 30 to 31 near Sheffield £135m
From 32 to 34S near Sheffield £139m
From 34N to 37 Sheffield to Barsley £246m
From 37 to 39 Barnsley to Wakefield £224m
From 39 to 42 Wakefield to just past M62 near Leeds £202m

Roadworks

Roadworks are currently taking place to increase the number of lanes between junctions 6a and 10. Traffic speed has been limited to 50mph around roadworks, and the date of completion is currently estimated to be December 2008[12].

Junctions

Map showing construction dates of sections of the M1
Map showing construction dates of sections of the M1
M1 at Junction 4
M1 at Junction 4
M1 Motorway
Southbound exits Junction Northbound exits
A406: North Circular, Brent Cross J1 Start of Motorway
A1: The City J2 No Access
London Gateway services
A41: Edgware J4 No Access
A41: Harrow
A4008: Watford		 J5 A41: Aylesbury, Watford
A405: North Watford J6 A405: St Albans, Heathrow Airport, Harlow
M25: Harlow, Dartford Tunnel, Heathrow Airport J6a No Access
M10: St Albans, Hatfield J7 No Access
A414: Hemel Hempstead J8 A414: Hemel Hempstead
A5: Whipsnade J9 A5: Whipsnade
A1081: Luton Airport J10 A1081: Luton Airport
A505: Luton, Dunstable J11 A505: Luton, Dunstable
Toddington services
A5120: Flitwick, Houghton Regis J12 A5120: Flitwick, Woburn
A421: Bedford
A507:Woburn, Ampthill		 J13 A421: Milton Keynes, Bedford
A507: Ampthill
A509: Milton Keynes, Newport Pagnell J14 A509: Milton Keynes, Newport Pagnell
Newport Pagnell services
A45: Northampton A508 Milton Keynes J15 A45: Northampton A508 Milton Keynes
A43: Northampton, Oxford J15a
Northampton services		 A43: Northampton, Oxford
A45: Northampton J16 A45: Daventry
Watford Gap services
No Access J17 M45: Coventry
A428: Daventry, DIRFT J18 DIRFT, A5: Hinckley
A428: Rugby
A14:Felixstowe, Corby, Kettering
M6: The NORTH WEST		 J19 M6: The NORTH WEST
A4303: Lutterworth, Rugby J20 A4303: Lutterworth
A4304: Market Harborough
M69: Coventry, Birmingham
A5460: Leicester		 J21 M69: Coventry
A5460: Leicester
Leicester Forest East services
No Access J21A A46: Leicester, Newark
A50: Leicester
A511: Coalville
Markfield services		 J22 A511: Coalville, Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Markfield services
A512: Loughborough, Ashby-de-la-Zouch J23 A512: Loughborough
A42(M42): The SOUTH WEST, Tamworth, Birmingham, Ashby-de-la-Zouch J23a A453: East Midlands Airport
Donington Park services
A42(M42): The SOUTH WEST, Tamworth, Birmingham
A6: Loughborough
A453: East Midlands Airport
Donington Park services
 J24 A50: Stoke
A6: Derby
A453: Nottingham South/Centre
A50: Stoke
A6: Derby		 J24a No Access
A52: Nottingham South, Derby J25 A52: Derby, Nottingham West/Centre
Trowell Motorway Services
A610: Nottingham, Ilkeston J26 A610: Ripley, Eastwood, Nottingham North/Centre
A608: Heanor, Hucknall J27 A608: Mansfield
A38: Matlock J28 A38: Mansfield, Matlock
Tibshelf services
A617: Mansfield, Matlock J29 A617: Chesterfield
Under construction A632: Chesterfield / Bolsover J29a Under construction A632: Chesterfield / Bolsover
A616: Chesterfield, Newark J30 A6135: Sheffield, Worksop
Woodall services
A57: Worksop J31 A57: Worksop
M18: The NORTH, Doncaster, Hull J32 M18: The North, Doncaster, Hull
A630: Sheffield, Rotherham, Robin Hood Airport J33 A640: Sheffield, Rotherham, Robin Hood Airport
A6109: Meadowhall, Rotherham J34 A6178: Meadowhall, Rotherham, Robin Hood Airport
A629: Rotherham J35 A629: Rotherham
No Access J35a A616: Manchester
A61: Sheffield J36 A61: Barnsley
A628: Barnsley, Manchester J37 A628: Barnsley, Manchester
A637: Huddersfield, Barnsley J38 A637: Huddersfield, Barnsley
Woolley Edge services
A636: Denby Dale J39 A636: Denby Dale
A638: Wakefield, Dewsbury J40 A638: Dewsbury, Batley, Wakefield
A650: Wakefield, Morley J41 A650: Wakefield, Morley
M62: Hull, Manchester J42 M62: Manchester, Bradford, Hull
No Access J43 M621: Leeds
A639: Leeds J44 A639: Leeds
Under construction A63: Leeds J45 Under construction A63: Leeds
A6120: Leeds J46 A6120: Leeds
A63: Selby
A656: Castleford
A642: Garforth		 J47 A642: Garforth
The South (A1)
Start of Motorway A1(M), J43 A1(M): The NORTH, Wetherby

List of sights visible from the M1

This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Notable Events

On 8 January 1989 a Boeing 737 crashed onto the embankment of the M1 whilst attempting an emergency landing into East Midlands Airport in Leicestershire.

Main article: Kegworth air disaster

On 6 September 1997 large sections of the northbound carriageway were closed between London and Althorp, Northamptonshire to allow for the funeral precession of Diana, Princess of Wales. In an unprecedented event, police allowed pedestrians onto the normally busy northbound carriageway almost the entire length of the route to pay their respects.

In 2002, a section of the M1 near Milton Keynes was cleared using mobile police roadblocks to allow for filming of the movie 28 Days Later.

An 18-mile (29 km) stretch of the motorway was closed entirely on the morning of 11 December 2005 following a massive explosion and fire at the Buncefield Oil Depot which is situated less than half a mile from the M1.

Main article: 2005 Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire

References

  1. ^ a b Motorway archive. The Motorway Archive. Institute of Highways and Transportation. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  2. ^ Key facts about England's motorways and trunk roads. Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  3. ^ The Slab. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  4. ^ list of material held by Northamptonshire CC. Motorway archive. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  5. ^ M1 Jct 6a to 10 Widening. Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  6. ^ M1 Jct 19. Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-28.
  7. ^ M1 widening J25-28: work to reduce congestion and improve safety starts in earnest. Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  8. ^ £20 million widening scheme for M1 near Sheffield due to start this autumn. Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  9. ^ M1 Jct 10 to 13 Widening. Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-01-20.
  10. ^ Roads: Improvement Schemes: Targeted Programme Improvement costs (2006-02-14). Retrieved on 2008-01-28.
  11. ^ M1 widening to cost £21m per mile. The Observer ([2007-05-06]]). Retrieved on 2008-01-28.
  12. ^ M1 Jct 6a to 10 Widening (html). Highways Agency. Retrieved on 2008-02-02.

See also

External links