Saving Private Ryan
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| Saving Private Ryan | |
|---|---|
 Poster of Saving Private Ryan |
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| Directed by | Steven Spielberg |
| Produced by | Steven Spielberg Ian Bryce Mark Gordon Gary Levinsohn Production Companies DreamWorks SKG Paramount Pictures Amblin Entertainment Mutual Film Corporation Mark Gordon Productions |
| Written by | Robert Rodat |
| Starring | Tom Hanks Edward Burns Tom Sizemore Barry Pepper Adam Goldberg Giovanni Ribisi Jeremy Davies Matt Damon Vin Diesel |
| Music by | John Williams |
| Cinematography | Janusz Kaminski |
| Editing by | Michael Kahn |
| Distributed by | DreamWorks (US and Canada) Paramount Pictures (elsewhere) |
| Release date(s) |  June 12, 1998 |
| Running time | 170 min. |
| Language | English French German Czech |
| Budget | $65,000,000 US [1] |
| Gross revenue | $481,840,909 |
| Allmovie profile | |
| IMDb profile | |
Saving Private Ryan is a 1998 war film set during the D-Day invasion of Normandy during World War II. It was directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. This film is particularly notable for the intensity of its opening 24 minutes, which depict the Omaha beachhead assault of June 6, 1944. Thereafter it presents a fictional search for a paratrooper of the United States 101st Airborne Division. While this part of the plot is a work of fiction, the premise is very loosely based on the real-life case of the Niland brothers. Saving Private Ryan was well received by audiences and garnered considerable critical acclaim, winning several awards for film, cast and crew as well as earning significant returns at the box office.
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[edit] Plot
The film begins with an elderly veteran (Harrison Young) and his family visiting the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial in Normandy, France. The old man collapses to his knees in front of a gravestone, overcome with emotion.
The scene changes to the beginning of the invasion of Normandy, with American soldiers landing on Omaha Beach and struggling against dug-in German Army infantry, machine gun nests and artillery fire. One of the men who survive the initial landing, Captain John H. Miller (Tom Hanks) of the 2nd Ranger Battalion, rallies a group of soldiers and slowly penetrates the German defenses, leading to a breakout from the beach.
Meanwhile, in the United States, General George C. Marshall discovers that three of the four brothers of the Ryan family have all died within days of each other and that their mother will receive all three notices on the same day. He learns that the fourth son, Private First Class James Francis Ryan (Matt Damon) of the 1st Battalion 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment is missing in action somewhere in France. He orders that he be found and sent home immediately.
Back in France, Miller receives orders from Lieutenant Colonel Walter Anderson (Dennis Farina) to find Private Ryan, and assembles a squad of seven Rangers (Tom Sizemore, Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Vin Diesel, Giovanni Ribisi and Adam Goldberg), plus one man detailed from the 29th Infantry Division (Jeremy Davies) to accomplish this task. With no information about Ryan's whereabouts, Miller and his men move from town to town, meeting with other American units and trading information while venturing deeper into enemy territory. Following several false leads and the loss of Caparzo (Diesel) at the hands of a sniper, Miller locates a friend of Ryan’s, who reveals that Ryan is defending a strategically-important bridge over the Merderet River in the fictional town of Ramelle.
Along the journey, Miller decides to take the opportunity to neutralize a small German machine gun position close to an abandoned radar station. In the ensuing skirmish the squad's medic, Wade (Ribisi) is fatally wounded. The last surviving German incurs the wrath of the squad members, except for Upham (Davies) whom he befriends. Miller decides to let the German walk away and surrender himself to the next allied patrol, a decision viewed by Reiben (Burns) as letting the enemy go free. No longer confident in the leadership of Miller, Reiben declares his intention to desert, prompting a tense confrontation with Horvath (Sizemore) that threatens to tear the squad apart until Miller resolves the situation by revealing his origins, on which the squad had formed a betting pool. Reiben decides to stay.
The squad finally arrives on the outskirts of Ramelle where they destroy a German reconnaissance unit with the help of some American paratroopers, one of them being Ryan. The unit regroups in Ramelle, joining with the American paratroopers defending the town, where Captain Miller informs Ryan of his brothers' deaths and of their mission to bring him home. Ryan adamantly refuses to leave his makeshift unit, demanding that he remain to help defend the bridge against an impending German counter-attack. Miller reluctantly agrees and orders his unit to help defend the bridge in the upcoming battle, taking command and setting up the defense with what little manpower and resources they have.
The Germans arrive in force supported by tanks, a towed Flak 38 cannon, and half-tracks. Miller leads the defense, but in spite of inflicting heavy German casualties, most of his remaining squad members are killed (Jackson is hit by a high explosive tank round in his perch, Mellish is stabbed to death in a close quarters fight, Horvath is fatally wounded after taking several shots from assorted small arms) and the American unit is slowly pushed back by superior numbers and firepower. The defenders retreat across the bridge, suffering further casualties, pursued by gunfire and an advancing German Tiger tank. In the middle of an American attempt to blow the bridge, Miller is shot and fatally wounded. Just before the Tiger reaches the bridge, an American P-51 Mustang swoops down and destroys the tank, followed by more Mustang fighters and advancing American infantry who assault the town and rout the remaining German forces. Ryan, Reiben and Upham are the only main characters to survive the battle. Ryan is with Miller as he dies and hears his last words, "James... earn this. Earn it."
Back in the present, the elderly veteran is revealed to be Ryan at Miller's grave. Ryan asks his wife to confirm that he has been a 'good man' and thus worthy of Miller's and the others' sacrifice. He then salutes the Captain's grave as the camera pans down the gravestones to the American flag and fades out.
[edit] Development
In 1994, Robert Rodat saw a monument in Putney Corners, New Hampshire, dedicated to eight brothers who died during the American Civil War. Inspired by the story, Rodat did some research and decided to write a similar story set in World War II. Rodat's script was submitted to producer Mark Gordon, who liked the story but only accepted the text after 11 redrafts. Gordon shared the finished script with Hanks, who liked it and in turn passed it along to Spielberg to direct. A shooting date was set for June 27, 1997.[2] Before filming began, several of the film’s stars, including Edward Burns, Barry Pepper, Vin Diesel and Giovanni Ribisi as well as Tom Hanks, endured several days of “boot camp” training and work on the film set to prepare for their roles.[3]
Spielberg had already demonstrated his interest in World War II themes with the films 1941, Empire of the Sun, Schindler's List, and the Indiana Jones series. Spielberg later co-produced the World War II themed television mini-series Band of Brothers with Tom Hanks. When asked about this by American Cinematographer, Spielberg said, “I think that World War II is the most significant event of the last 100 years; the fate of the Baby Boomers and even Generation X was linked to the outcome. Beyond that, I’ve just always been interested in World War II. My earliest films, which I made when I was about 14 years old, were combat pictures that were set both on the ground and in the air. For years now, I’ve been looking for the right World War II story to shoot, and when Robert Rodat wrote Saving Private Ryan, I found it.”[4]
Although the D-Day scenes were shot in Curracloe, Wexford, Ireland, some shooting was done in Normandy, for the Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial in Colleville-sur-Mer and Calvados. Other scenes were filmed in English locations such as a former British Aerospace factory in Hatfield, Hertfordshire, London, Thame Park, Oxfordshire and Wiltshire. Production was due to also take place in Seaham, County Durham, but Government restrictions disallowed this.[5]
[edit] Historical inspiration
While researching the screenplay, Rodat came across the story of Sgt. Frederick (Fritz) Niland, who, with some other members of the 101st Airborne, was inadvertently dropped too far inland. They eventually made their way back to their unit at Carentan, where the chaplain, Lieutenant Colonel Father Francis Sampson, apocryphally told Niland about the deaths of his three brothers, two at Normandy and one in the Far East. (Other versions have Niland traveling to Sainte Mere Eglise and Utah beach to visit his brothers and discovering their deaths himself). Also, Niland, a member of Company H, 501st PIR, was a member of a paratroop stick dropped south of Carentan, one of the worst mis-drops during the American airborne landings in Normandy.
Under the War Department’s Sole Survivor Policy, brought about after the deaths of the five Sullivan brothers serving on the USS Juneau, Fr. Sampson arranged passage for Sgt. Niland back to Britain and thereafter to his parents, Augusta and Michael Niland, in Tonawanda, New York. There was no behind-the-lines rescue mission, and his mother was not a widow, and she did not receive all three telegrams on the same day. Niland himself remained with the 101st during its entire time in Normandy, returned with it to England, and did not return to the United States until September 1944. Later it was determined that the brother believed to have been killed in the Far East had actually been captured and was later returned home after his liberation.[6]
In the film, the decision to order the safe return of Private Ryan is inspired in part by the General’s reading of the Letter to Mrs. Bixby, written by Abraham Lincoln to console the mother of five sons then believed to have been killed in the American Civil War, thus tying the film back to Rodat's Civil War inspiration.
[edit] Battle scenes
Saving Private Ryan has been critically noted for its realistic portrayal of WWII combat. In particular, the initial 24-minute sequence depicting the Omaha landings was voted the "best battle scene of all time" by Empire magazine, and was ranked number one on TV Guide's list of the 50 greatest movie moments.[7] Filmed in Ireland at Curracloe Beach, Co. Wexford, the Omaha Beach scene cost $11 million and involved up to 1,000 extras, some of whom were members of the Irish Army Reserve. In addition, 20-30 actual amputees were used to portray US soldiers maimed during the landing.
The landing craft used included two actual WWII examples. The film-makers even used underwater cameras to better depict soldiers being hit by bullets in the water. Forty barrels of fake blood were used to simulate the effect of blood in the seawater.[8]
This degree of verisimilitude was more difficult to achieve when depicting World War II German armored vehicles, as few examples survive in operating condition. The Tiger tanks in the film were copies built on the chassis of old, but functional Soviet T-34 tanks.[9] The two vehicles described in the film as 'Panzers' were built on the chassis of Czech-built Panzer 38(t) tanks.[10]
Inevitably, some artistic license was taken by the filmmakers for the sake of drama. One of the most notable is the depiction of the 2nd SS Division “Das Reich,” as the adversary during the fictional Battle of Ramelle. The 2nd SS was not engaged in Normandy until July, and then at Caen against the British and Canadians, a hundred miles east.[11] Further, the Merderet River bridges were not an objective of the 101st Airborne Division but of the 82nd Airborne Division.[12]
Much has been said about various 'tactical errors' made by both the German and American forces in the movie's climactic battle. Steven Spielberg responded, saying that in many scenes he opted to replace sound military tactics for dramatic effect.[13]
[edit] Distribution
The film was distributed by DreamWorks in North America, and by Paramount Pictures internationally. As a result of Paramount's 2005 acquisition of DreamWorks, Paramount has gained North America distribution rights as well (though still through the DreamWorks division).
[edit] Cast and characters
[edit] Main cast
- Tom Hanks as Captain John H. Miller
- Tom Sizemore as Technical Sergeant Michael Horvath
- Edward Burns as Private First Class Richard Reiben, a BAR gunner
- Jeremy Davies as Technician 5th Grade Timothy E. Upham, a cartographer and interpreter
- Barry Pepper as Private Daniel Jackson, a sniper
- Adam Goldberg as Private Stanley Mellish, a rifleman
- Vin Diesel as Private Adrian Caparzo, a rifleman
- Giovanni Ribisi as Technician 4th Grade Irwin Wade, a medic
- Matt Damon as Private First Class James Francis Ryan, a paratrooper
[edit] Supporting cast
- Ted Danson as Captain Fred Hamill, pathfinder
- Dennis Farina as Lieutenant Colonel Walter Anderson, Miller’s CO
- Nathan Fillion as Private James Frederick Ryan, mistakenly identified paratrooper
- Paul Giamatti as Staff Sergeant William Hill, paratrooper
- Joerg Stadler as “Steamboat Willie” (unnamed German soldier)
- Maximilian Martini as Corporal Fred Henderson, ranking NCO at Ramelle
- Harve Presnell as General George C. Marshall, Chief of Staff, U.S. Army
- Leland Orser as Lieutenant DeWindt, pilot of a crashed CG-4 Waco glider transport
- Bryan Cranston as "Colonel at the War Department"
- Dylan Bruno as Private Toynbe, paratrooper at Ramelle
[edit] Reception
Saving Private Ryan was a critical and commercial success, and is credited with contributing to a resurgence in America’s interest in World War II. Old and new films, video games, and novels about the War enjoyed renewed popularity after its release. The film's use of desaturated colors, hand-held cameras and tight angles has profoundly influenced subsequent films.[14]
Saving Private Ryan was released in 2,463 theatres on July 28, 1998, and grossed $30.5 million on its opening weekend. Domestically the film grossed $216.5 million and $265 million at the foreign box office, bringing its world wide total to about $480 million,[15] being the highest grossing film of 1998. Critical reception was also positive, with much praise for the realistic battle scenes[16] and the actors' performances,[17] but earning some criticism for the script and for ignoring British contributions to the D-Day landings in general and at Omaha Beach specifically.[18] The most direct example of the latter is that during the actual landing the 2nd Rangers disembarked from British ships and were taken to Omaha Beach by Royal Navy landing craft. The film depicts them as being US Coast Guard-crewed craft from an American ship.[19][20] This criticism was far from universal with other critics recognizing the director's intent to make an 'American' film.[21] The film wasn't released in Malaysia after Spielberg refused to cut the violent scenes[22], however the film was finally released there on DVD with an 18SG certificate much later in 2005. It currently scores 94% on Rotten Tomatoes[23] and 90% on Metacritic,[24] two movie reviews aggregate sites. Many critics associations, such as New York Critics Circle and Los Angeles Film Critics Association, chose Saving Private Ryan as Film of the Year.[25]
The film was later nominated for eleven Academy Awards, with wins for Best Cinematography, Best Sound, Best Sound Editing, Best Editing and Best Director for Spielberg, but lost the Best Picture award to Shakespeare in Love, being one of a few that have won the Best Director award without also winning Best Picture.[26] The film also won the Golden Globes for Best Picture - Drama and Director, the BAFTA for Special Effects and Sound, the DGA Award, a Grammy Award for Best Film Soundtrack, the PGA Golden Laurel Award, and the Saturn Award for Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film.[25]
[edit] Home video and television
The film debuted on home video in May 1999, with a VHS release that earned over $44 million. A later special edition was released featuring an extra tape with documentary footage of the actual D-Day landings as well as the making of the film.[27] The DVD was released in November of the same year,[28] and was one of the best-selling titles of the year, with over 1.5 million units sold.[29] The original DVD was released in two separate versions: one with Dolby Digital and the other with DTS 5.1 surround sound. Besides the different 5.1 tracks, the two DVDs are identical. The film was also issued in a very limited 2-disc Laserdisc release in November of 1999, making it one of the very last feature films to ever be issued in this format, as Laserdiscs ceased manufacturing and distribution by the year's end, due in part to the growing popularity of DVDs.
In 2004, a Saving Private Ryan special edition DVD was released to commemorate the 60th anniversary of D-Day.[30] This two-disc edition was also included in a box set titled World War II Collection, along with two documentaries produced by Spielberg, Price For Peace (about the Pacific War) and Shooting War (about war photographers, narrated by Tom Hanks).
On Veteran's Day from 2001 through 2004, ABC aired the film uncut and with limited commercial interruption. The network airings were given a TV-MA rating, as the violent battle scenes and the profanity were left intact. In 2005, TNT acquired the rights to broadcast the film uncut and with limited commercial interruption.
[edit] References
- ^ [http://www.the-numbers.com/movies/1998/SVPRI.php Saving Private Ryan - Box Office Data, Movie News, Cast Information - The Numbers].
- ^ Message in a Battle. Entertainment Weekly (1998-07-24).
- ^ Behind the Scenes: Boot Camp
- ^ Five Star General. American Cinematographer Online Magazine (August, 1998).
- ^ Sunderland Echo, 11/02/1999
- ^ Look Out Below by Fr. Francis Sampson, 1958 (ISBN 1-877702-00-5).
- ^ TV Guide Moments.
- ^ How we made the best movie battle scene ever. Retrieved on 2007-04-30.
- ^ spr1
- ^ spr2
- ^ Normandy and Falaise - April to August 1944
- ^ D-Day : Normandy 1944 - U.S. Airborne in Cotentin Peninsula
- ^ Saving Private Ryan, The Men, The Mission, The Movie : A Steven Spielberg Movie by Steven Spielberg. Newmarket Press 1998
- ^ http://www.beyondhollywood.com/saving-private-ryan-1998-movie-review/
- ^ Saving Private Ryan at Box Office Mojo
- ^ Turan, Kenneth (1998-07-24). Saving Private Ryan review. Los Angeles Times.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (1998-07-24). Saving Private Ryan review. Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ Total Film - Saving Private Ryan
- ^ BBC News | The Oscars 1999 | Veterans riled by Ryan
- ^ Saving Private Ryan: LCM
- ^ Matthew Reynolds. "Saving Private Ryan", Channel 4. Retrieved on 2007-12-20.
- ^ Malaysia bans Spielberg's Prince. BBC (1999-01-27).
- ^ Saving Private Ryan at Rotten Tomatoes
- ^ Saving Private Ryan reviews. Metacritic. Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
- ^ a b Awards for Saving Private Ryan. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved on 2007-04-27.
- ^ Academy Awards 1999
- ^ 'Ryan's' next attack: sell-through market. Variety (1999-07-29). Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
- ^ Dreamworks' Saving Private Ryan DVD press release (1999-09-13). Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
- ^ The Matrix disc soars beyond 3 million mark (2000-01-08). Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
- ^ Saving Private Ryan: D-Day 60th Anniversary Commemorative Edition review. IGN (2004-05-26). Retrieved on 2007-05-06.
- Alex Kershaw. The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-Day Sacrifice. Da Capo Press, 2003. ISBN 0-306-81355-6.
[edit] External links
- Saving Private Ryan Online Encyclopedia
- Saving Private Ryan at the Internet Movie Database
- Real Images and Videos of the War on Omaha Beach
| Awards | ||
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| Preceded by Titanic |
Golden Globe for Best Picture - Drama 1999 |
Succeeded by American Beauty |
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