SAT-3/WASC (cable system)
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[edit] Overview
SAT-3/WASC or South Atlantic 3/West Africa Submarine Cable is a submarine communications cable linking Portugal and Spain to South Africa, with connections to several West African countries along the route. It forms part of the SAT-3/WASC/SAFE cable system, where the SAFE cable links South Africa to Asia. The SAT-3/WASC/SAFE system provides a path between Asia and Europe for telecommunications traffic that is an alternative to the cable routes that pass through the Middle East, such as SEA-ME-WE 3 and FLAG. SAT-3/WASC provides the only optical fiber link between West Africa and the remainder of the world.
[edit] Ownership
The SAT-3 system together with SAFE was built by a consortium of operators that currently has 36 shareholders in all. The largest three investors in SAT-3/WASC were (in order) TCI, a subsidiary of AT&T (U.S.A.); France Telecom (France); and VSNL (India, Singapore). The 11 African shareholders are (in alphabetical order): Angola Telecom, Camtel, Cote d'Ivoire Telecom, Ghana Telecom, Maroc Telecom, Nitel, OPT Benin, OPT Gabon, Sonatel, Telecom Namibia and Telkom SA Ltd.
[edit] Bandwidth costs
Prices for SAT-3 bandwidth in the African countries it serves are high (USD$4500-$12000 per Mbit/s per month, over 50 times greater than bandwidth prices in the U.S.) in large part because operators have monopoly control of access. The lowest rates occur in Ghana, where the Ghana Internet Service Providers Association (GISPA) organized a 2 year negotiation with and court fight against Ghana Telecom. SAT-3 monopolies are due to expire in June 2007 and license agreements are being renegotiated. Many organizations, including the Association of African Universities, have lobbied for bandwidth price reductions and/or open access.
[edit] Landing points
The SAT-3 has landing points in:
1. Sesimbra, Portugal
2. Chipiona, Spain (though this landing is considered to be part of the Telefonica domestic network)
3. Altavista, Gran Canaria, Spain
and in Africa:
4. Dakar, Senegal
5. Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
6. Accra, Ghana
7. Cotonou, Benin
8. Lagos, Nigeria
9. Douala, Cameroon
10. Libreville, Gabon
11. Cacuaco, Angola
12. Melkbosstrand, South Africa meeting SAFE
Although Telecom Namibia holds ownership in SAT-3/WASC, Namibia has no landing point. Namibian internet users currently have no access to SAT-3/WASC, because Telecom Namibia would have to purchase capacity from Telkom SA, and due to Telkom SA's high prices has so far refused to do so.
[edit] Technology
The cable itself consists of four fibers, using Erbium-doped fiber amplifier repeaters and wavelength division multiplexing.
[edit] History
SAT-3 began operations in 2001, providing the first links to Europe for West African internet users and, for South Africans, taking up service from SAT-2 which was reaching maximum capacity. SAT-2 had been brought into service in the early 1990s as a replacement for the original undersea cable SAT-1 which was constructed in the 1960s.
In November 2007 no internet access was available through SAT-3 for about seven days in central Africa. A government official from Cameroon blamed a technical failure at the underwater SAT-3 high sea fibre optic terminal, about forty kilometres from Douala.[1] Many ISPs in Cameroon had transitioned their connections from independent satellite connections to SAT-3 in mid-2007 creating serious communication difficulties during the seven days.
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Internet access off in Cameroon for 7th day. Retrieved on November 7, 2007.
[edit] External links
- SAT-3 ownership, reported by Fibre for Africa
- Fibre for Africa Homepage (see "News" for updates)
- Official SAT-3/WASC/SAFE Homepage
- The Sat3 Fibre - a Monopoly That Stands in the Way of Cheaper International Bandwidth
- What Must Happen when SAT3’s Monopoly Comes to an End? (CIPACO)
- [1]
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