Sandford-on-Thames
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Sandford-on-Thames is a village on the River Thames in Oxfordshire, England, a few miles south of the city of Oxford. The village lies just off the A4074 road from Oxford to Henley. Just to the north is Littlemore and to the west is Kennington, Oxfordshire.
Sandford has a rich history, with the Romans, the Knights Templar, Cardinal Wolsey, Henry VIII and the authors Lewis Carroll and J M Barrie all playing their part. The village boasts its own ghostly headless horseman, rumoured to drive a coach and four through the fields on Christmas Eve.
In the Domesday Book, nine hundred years ago, 18 families were listed as living by the sandy ford over the Thames between Iffley and Radley. Six hundred years later the population of the village had barely doubled, and it was still under 200 people at the start of the 19th century. Today the population numbers over 1,000 and the parish boundaries have undergone considerable revision.
A street plan can be found here Street Plan of Sandford-on-Thames
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[edit] Amenities
The village has three public houses: the King's Arms on the river (converted in the 19th century from the Mill malthouse), The Fox (built in 1853 by the Morrell family) and The Catherine Wheel. The latter two are both on the Henley Road.
The village benefits from several public open spaces including a large, fenced recreation ground next to the church containing children's play equipment, a grassed area on the riverside near Sandford Lock which is the site of the old wharf, and recreation areas off Heyford Hill Lane which also contain children's play equipment. All are maintained by the Parish Council. The Oxford Preservation Trust owns the land between Broadhurst Gardens and the River Thames.
The village shop and post office closed in 1987 and the nearest local shop is in the Ashhurst Clinic grounds, a few hundred metres north along the Henley Road towards Littlemore.
The Sustrans bicycle path is accessible from the village across the river Thames and offers easy access to Oxford city centre along the river.
Sandford is a scheduled stop for Salters Steamers' river boat services from Oxford to Abingdon and return.
A regular local bus service operates from Wallingford through the village to Oxford city centre.
[edit] Parish Council
Sandford-on-Thames has an active Parish Council, which meets on the first Monday of each month in the Village Hall. Parish Council meetings have been recorded in the village magazine (The Link) since 1981 and minutes of meetings can be viewed at The Link. The dates of Parish Council meetings are displayed on the three village notice boards which are located on the old wharf (opposite River View), in the corner of the recreation ground at the top of Church Road (by the telephone box) and next to the postbox by Janaway.
[edit] River and Lock
The river dominates Sandford's history, with the fertile meadows promoting agriculture and the water providing both transport and power. Roman pottery from kilns found on the northern edge of the village hints at Sandford's manufacturing heritage. The name 'Sandford' suggests a river crossing, and there are references to Sandford Ferry throughout history. In May 1644, during the English Civil War, the Earl of Essex took his troops across the river at Sandford to join the battle of Cropredy. Within living memory there was still a ferry (later a toll bridge) at the King's Arms public house by the river taking traffic, including horses and carts, over the river to Abingdon, once the county town of Berkshire. An ancient mounting block can still be seen on the western river bank just below the lock, which travellers would have used to remount their horses having crossed the river on foot.
Jerome K. Jerome described Sandford as "a very good place to drown yourself in" in his book Three Men in a Boat. The watercourse behind the lock-keeper's house (dated 1914) flows from the 'big lasher' weir which creates strong currents and eddies. In spite of the danger, this was a favourite swimming place up to the mid-20th century. In 1921 the river here claimed the lives of three Christ Church students, including Michael Llewelyn Davies, the adopted son of J. M. Barrie, who was the inspiration for Peter Pan. An obelisk that has stood here since at least 1821 records the deaths of six Christ Church students who drowned here in three separate incidents between 1843 and 1921. Even into the 1950s the river at Sandford-on-Thames was still regarded as a place to come and relax. On Sundays people came from Oxford to swim at 'The Lido' below the lock and to picnic. The King's Arms had extensive tea-lawns on which to spend lazy Sunday afternoons.
The first lock at Sandford was the navigation weir or ‘flash lock’ situated on the old river channel at the site of the lasher today. This was described in 1624 as ‘Great Lockes’ and was replaced in about 1632 by the one of the first pound locks to be built in England. Iffley, Sandford and Culham locks were built by the Oxford-Burcot Commission following the Parliament Act of 1623. The old lock has since been filled in but its position can still be seen (the position of the upper gates can be seen in the stonework above the present upper gates). A new lock on the present site was opened in 1836 which lasted until the most recent improvements when the present lock was built in 1972.
[edit] The Second Wartime Boat Race 1943
In 1943, the second Wartime Boat Race between the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge was held on the Thames at Sandford. Like the first, it was unofficial and no Blues were awarded. However, public enthusiasm was high and the river banks were thronged with spectators, all of whom had to reach the course either by bicycle or on foot. Contemporary newspaper reports estimate the crowd at between seven and ten thousand. The Cambridge crew, unusually for the time, included a Dane at bow and a Turk at number four. The Oxford crew included four medical students. The race was rowed between the narrow banks of the 1¼ mile course from Black Bridge to the island by Radley College Boathouse. Oxford won the toss and chose the Oxfordshire bank, with Cambridge rowing on the Berkshire side. Oxford set off at 40 strokes compared to Cambridge's 37, and were almost immediately in the lead and a length up in some thirty seconds. Despite being left at the start, Cambridge did not give up and responded well, with the judge’s verdict at the finish recorded as a win for Oxford by just two-thirds of a length.
[edit] Knights Templar and Knights Hospitaller
In 1239 Sir Thomas de Sandford gave land to the Knights Templar enclave in Oxford's Temple Cowley, and for a short time their white tunics with red crosses might have been a familiar sight in the village. In 1324 the black and white colours of the Knights Hospitaller took over. In 1541 Henry VIII dissolved the order, and the land passed to Cardinal Sir Thomas Wolsey.
[edit] Church of St Andrew
In the middle of the 12th century a little "field church" dedicated to St Andrew was built on a hill in the Sandford manorial grounds for the use of the nearby Minchery nuns. The original Norman porch was restored and repaired in 1652 through the generosity of Elizabeth Isham but the majority of the improvement works to the church took place in the 25 years between 1840 and 1865. In the centre of the graveyard stands a fine yew tree planted on Good Friday 1800 and just to the east of the porch is a flat topped gravestone from which bread was doled out to the poor of the parish.
Four war memorials are located on the south wall in St Andrew’s church: a wooden village shrine which lists the fallen of both World Wars, and three individual commemorative plaques to E G Wilkins, H S Cannon and H C Cannon. Each has been recorded and included in the National Inventory of War Memorials at the Imperial War Museum [1].
[edit] Farms
The Knights Templar name lived on until recently in Temple Farm, which was acquired by Magdalen College, Oxford in 1900. After a long incarnation as Temple Farm Country Club the property burnt down in the 1990s and was restored as a hotel, currently part of the Four Pillars Hotel Group.
Rock Farm (previously called Sandford Farm) was bought by a Mr Benfield in 1897. He and his partner Mr Loxley were owners of a building firm and developed the clay on Rock Farm to supply their building works with bricks. Apart from the road name, the last remnant of Rock Farm is now the old dovecote which was restored in the 1990s and stands in front of one of the houses in the recent Rock Farm development.
[edit] Industry
Adjacent to and downstream from the lock is a waterfront housing development, Sandford Mill. Built in the 1980s, this occupies the site of the old mill which closed on Christmas Eve 1982. Originally a corn mill belonging to the Abbey of Abingdon and recorded in 1100 as owned by the local monks for bread making, it came into the hands of the Knights Templars at the beginning of the 14th century. It was converted to a paper mill in 1826 in order to supply the increasing demands of the University of Oxford. The listed cottages upstream from the lock (now River View) that can be seen across the road from the old wharf were also built in 1826. Occupied by mill workers, they originally boasted flat roofs made of tarred paper, (a first in Britain). The millrace continues to flow under the footbridge that crosses from the King's Arms pub to the lock.
At the beginning of the 20th century the wharf adjacent to and upstream from the King's Arms was used extensively both by the paper mill and also by the brickworks, which developed well until 1914 when the engines were taken for service in the First World War. In 1920 the 126ft tall brickworks chimney was demolished. The land is now a Park Homes site. The name is preserved in Brick Kiln Lane (formerly Crab or Crab Gate Lane) running east out of the village towards the Oxford Science Park and Oxford United FC's Kassam Stadium which was completed in 2001.
[edit] Henley Road
The road that runs through the centre of the village (now the Henley Road but formerly called both the Nuneham Road and the London Road) also crosses the Northfield Brook; a toll house known as Sandford Gate stood here until it was knocked down in 1920 and the present house built. One of the earliest petrol stations, which served William Morris (Lord Nuffield) as he journeyed between Oxford and Nuffield was situated on the Henley Road opposite the present day garage, which itself housed a Spitfire wing repair shop in the Second World War.
[edit] Street names
In spite of extensive local research by Sandford on Thames Parish Council and local residents, no suitable ancient field names could be found that could be adapted for the new roads created at Heyford Hill Lane in the late 1990s. Consequently, the surnames of past local residents were proposed to South Oxfordshire District Council; these were accepted and are now in use. They are:
Batten Place: Richard Batten was the first Attendant at Littlemore Hospital, which opened in 1846.
Buckler Place: this was the name of one of the original architects of Littlemore Hospital.
Janaway Place: when the Sandford Link Road was built to pass underneath the Henley Road at the junction with Heyford Hill Lane, a property called Dool House had to be demolished. This large house, which stood at the end of Heyford Hill Lane, was built in 1810 by John Janaway, a wheelwright. The house was purchased by the newly-opened Littlemore Hospital in 1848 to house the Hospital Chaplain. It later became a home for nurses and a residence for doctors.
[edit] People from Sandford-on-Thames
- William Stroudley locomotive superintendent of the Highland Railway and later the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway, was born at Sandford-on-Thames on 6 March 1833.
[edit] Publications about Sandford-on-Thames
"The Changing Faces of Littlemore & Sandford", Arnatt, Crickmay & Newbigging, Alden Press, 1996
