Samaritan Aramaic language
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| Samaritan Aramaic ארמית Arāmît, ܐܪܡܝܐ Ārāmāyâ |
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|---|---|---|
| Pronunciation: | /arɑmiθ/, /arɑmit/, /ɑrɑmɑjɑ/, /ɔrɔmɔjɔ/ |
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| Spoken in: | Israel and Palestinian Authority territories, predominantly in Samaria and Holon. | |
| Total speakers: | fewer than 1,000; liturgical only | |
| Language family: | Afro-Asiatic Semitic West Semitic Central Semitic Northwest Semitic Aramaic Western Samaritan Aramaic |
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| Writing system: | Samaritan alphabet | |
| Language codes | ||
| ISO 639-1: | none | |
| ISO 639-2: | arc | |
| ISO 639-3: | – | |
| Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. | ||
Samaritan Aramaic, or Samaritan, is the dialect of Aramaic used by the Samaritans in their sacred and scholarly literature. This should not be confused with the Samaritan Hebrew language of the Scriptures. It ceased to be a spoken language some time between the 10th and the 12th centuries.
In form it resembles the Aramaic of the Targumim, the Aramaic word for “interpretation” or “paraphrase”, and is written in the Samaritan alphabet.
Important works written in Samaritan include the Samaritan translation of the Samaritan Hebrew Pentateuch in the form of the targum paraphased version. There are also legal, exegetical and liturgical texts, though later works of the same kind were often written in Arabic.
[edit] Sample
Exodus XX.1-6:
- Umellel Elâ'e yet kel milleyya aalen elmimar.
- Ana Šema Eluek deppiqtek men ara Mişrem mibbet awadem.
- La ya'i lak ela'en uranem al eppi.
- La tewed lak efsel ukel demu debšumeyya millel wedbaraa millera wedbameyya millera laraa.
- La tisgad lon ula tešememminon ala anaki Šema elaak el qana fuqed ob awaan al banem wel telitaem wel rewi'a'em elsenai.
- Wabed esed lalafem elra'emi welnateri fiqqudi.
Notice the similarities with Judeo-Aramaic as found in Targum Onqelos to this same passage (some expressions below are paraphrased, not literally translated):
- וּמַלֵּיל יְיָ יָת כָּל פִּתְגָמַיָּא הָאִלֵּין לְמֵימַר
- אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ דְּאַפֵּיקְתָּךְ מֵאַרְעָא דְּמִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עַבְדוּתָא
- לָא יִהְוֵי לָךְ אֱלָהּ אָחֳרָן, בָּר מִנִּי
- לָא תַּעֲבֵיד לָךְ צֵילַם וְכָל דְּמוּ דְּבִשְׁמַיָּא מִלְּעֵילָא וְדִבְאַרְעָא מִלְּרַע וְדִבְמַיָּא מִלְּרַע לְאַרְעָא
- לָא תִּסְגּוֹד לְהוֹן וְלָא תִּפְלְחִנִּין אֲרֵי אֲנָא יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ אֵל קַנָּא מַסְעַר חוֹבֵי אֲבָהָן עַל בְּנִין מָרָדִין עַל דָּר תְּלִיתַאי וְעַל דָּר רְבִיעַאי לְסָנְאָי כַּד מַשְׁלְמִין בְּנַיָּא לְמִחְטֵי בָּתַר אֲבָהָתְהוֹן
- וְעָבֵיד טֵיבוּ לְאַלְפֵי דָּרִין לְרָחֲמַי וּלְנָטְרֵי פִּקּוֹדָי
[edit] Bibliography
- J. Rosenberg, Lehrbuch der samaritanischen Sprache und Literatur, A. Hartleben's Verlag: Wien, Pest, Leipzig.
- Tal, Abraham, A Dictionary of Samaritan Aramaic: Brill 2000 ISBN 90-04-11645-1
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