Saint Paul, Minnesota
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| City of Saint Paul | |||
 |
|||
|
|||
| Nickname: "The Capital City", "The Saintly City", "The STP", "Pig's Eye", "Hockey Town USA ". | |||
 |
|||
| Coordinates: | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Minnesota | ||
| Counties | Ramsey | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Chris Coleman (DFL) | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 56.2 sq mi (145.5 km²) | ||
| - Land | 52.8 sq mi (136.7 km²) | ||
| - Water | 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km²) | ||
| Elevation | 702 ft (214 m) | ||
| Population (2000) | |||
| - City | 287,151 | ||
| - Density | 5,438/sq mi (2,100.6/km²) | ||
| - Metro | 3,502,891 | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | ||
| ZIP codes | 55101 -- 55175 | ||
| Area code(s) | 651 | ||
| Website: www.stpaul.gov | |||
Saint Paul is the capital and the second most populous city of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Saint Paul and the adjacent city of Minneapolis, form the core of the Twin Cities metropolitan area, the fifteenth largest such area in the United States with a population of 3.5 million. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 287,151. Saint Paul serves as the county seat of Ramsey County, the most densely populated county in Minnesota. Residents of Saint Paul are referred to as Saint Paulites.
Saint Paul began as a tavern started by Pierre Parrant, known as "Pig's Eye" (as he was blind in one eye), a man who sold liquor on the river flats below the current downtown area. The area around the tavern grew into a trading outpost known as Pig's Eye or Pig's Eye Landing, where Native Americans, European explorers, and American soldiers lived in close proximity. The city spans the Mississippi river, near the confluence of the Minnesota river. Later the city became a center for transportation and trading in Minnesota, as steamboats could not travel further upriver. In 1854, Saint Paul incorporated as a city and, in 1858, became the capital of Minnesota.
Contents |
[edit] History
About 2000 years ago, the Hopewell culture Native Americans lived in the vicinity, burying their dead in mounds, now located in Indian Mounds Park. The Dakota Indians later used the same site to bury their dead.[1][2] From about 1600 to 1837 the Dakota Indians lived near the site of the Mounds.[1] In the early 1800s, a disparate group of fur traders, explorers, and missionaries came to the area for the protection that Fort Snelling offered. Many of these people had come south from Canada and were of French descent; others had come from the east after treaties with Native Americans officially opened the area.
In the early years, the settlers lived close to the fort along the confluence of the Mississippi and Minnesota rivers, but as a whiskey trade started to flourish, the military officers in Fort Snelling banned them from the lands the fort controlled, with one retired fur trader turned bootlegger, Pierre "Pig's Eye" Parrant particularly irritating the officials. By the early 1840s the area had become important as a trading center, a destination for settlers heading west, and was known as Pig's Eye or Pig's Eye Landing. In 1837, a treaty between Henry Schoolcraft and about 200 Dakota Indians displaced the natives from the site.[1] In 1841 Father Galtier established a Catholic chapel, Saint Paul's Chapel, on the bluffs above the landing, naming it in honor of his favorite saint and because of the pairing with Saint Peter's Church in Mendota, near Fort Snelling. About that time, the name of the settlement was formally changed to Saint Paul as a more worthy name than "Pig's Eye" and in honor of the new chapel. In 1847 Harriet Bishop came from New York and opened the city's first school.[3] German-Jewish pioneers formed Saint Paul's first synagogue in 1856.[3]
The Minnesota Territory was formalized in 1849 with Saint Paul named as its capital. In 1850, the city narrowly survived a proposed law to move the capital to Saint Peter when territorial legislator, Joe Rolette disappeared with the approved bill.[4] In 1854, Saint Paul incorporated as a city and, in 1858, Minnesota was admitted to the union with Saint Paul becoming the 32nd state capital.
Natural geography played a role in the settlement and development of Saint Paul as a trade and transportation center. The Mississippi River valley in this area is defined by a series of stone bluffs that line both sides of the river. Saint Paul grew up also around Lambert's Landing, the last place to unload boats coming upriver at an easily accessible point, some fourteen river miles downstream from Saint Anthony Falls, the geographic feature that defined the location of Minneapolis and its prominence as the Mill City. This made Saint Paul a gateway to the Upper Midwest for westbound settlers heading for the Minnesota frontier or the Dakota Territory. In 1858 more than 1,000 steamboats unloaded cargo and passengers at Saint Paul.[3] A cart and wagon road, the Saint Anthony Trail, to the Red River valley was the first manifestation, followed by the establishment of numerous railroads that were headquartered in Saint Paul, such as the Great Northern Railway and Northern Pacific Railway, which are today part of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway. For well over a hundred years, Saint Paul was a frontier town and a railroad town. Today it is more influenced by commerce and its function as the state capital. It has been called "The Last City of the East."[5]
[edit] Geography
Saint Paul is located in east-central Minnesota. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 56.2 square miles (145.5 km²). 52.8 square miles (136.7 km²) of it is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km²) of it (6.07%) is water. The Mississippi River runs through the city, and forms a municipal boundary on the city's west, southwest and southeast sides. Minneapolis, the state's larger city lies to the west; Falcon Heights, Lauderdale, Roseville, and Maplewood are north; Maplewood is also to the east; the cities of West Saint Paul and South Saint Paul are to the south; and Lilydale, Mendota and Mendota Heights lie across the river from the city to the south. The city's largest lakes are Pig's Eye Lake, in the river, Lake Phalen, and Lake Como.
[edit] Neighborhoods
Saint Paul is noted for its neighborhoods; the city has been called "fifteen small towns with one mayor", owing to the neighborhood-based life of much of the city. But in fact Saint Paul is broken into not fifteen but seventeen City Districts. And while some City District boundaries perfectly overlap the boundaries of well-recognized neighborhoods, especially in wealthier areas, that's not the case throughout Saint Paul.
The city's seventeen City Districts include:
|
|
|
The "West" Side neighborhood seems oddly located to the south, but is so named because it is on the west bank of the Mississippi River. And the "East Side" conglomeration of more than 20 neighborhoods actually includes the entire eastern third of the city and its populace, including the Greater East Side, Payne-Phalen, Dayton's Bluff and Battle Creek City Districts.[6]
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Avg high °F (°C) | 23 (-5) | 30 (-1) | 42 (6) | 58 (14) | 71 (22) | 79 (26) | 83 (28) | 81 (27) | 72 (22) | 59 (15) | 41 (5) | 27 (-3) |
| Avg low temperature °F (°C) | 6 (-14) | 12 (-11) | 24 (-4) | 36 (2) | 48 (9) | 58 (14) | 63 (17) | 61 (16) | 52 (11) | 40 (4) | 26 (-3) | 12 (-11) |
[edit] Demographics
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1860 | 10,401 |
| 1870 | 20,030 |
| 1880 | 41,473 |
| 1890 | 133,156 |
| 1900 | 163,065 |
| 1910 | 214,744 |
| 1920 | 234,698 |
| 1930 | 271,606 |
| 1940 | 287,736 |
| 1950 | 311,349 |
| 1960 | 313,411 |
| 1970 | 309,980 |
| 1980 | 270,230 |
| 1990 | 272,235 |
| 2000 | 287,151 |
As of the census[7] of 2000, there were 287,151 people, 112,109 households, and 60,987 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,441.7 people per square mile (2,101.0/km²). There were 115,713 housing units at an average density of 2,192.8/sq mi (846.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 67.02% White, 11.71% African American, 1.13% Native American, 12.36% Asian (mostly Hmong and Vietnamese), 0.07% Pacific Islander, 3.84% from other races, and 3.87% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race (incl. white) were 7.91% of the population. 20.1% were of German, 9.0% Irish and 7.0% Norwegian ancestry according to Census 2000. Saint Paul has the largest population of Hmong people in the United States.[8] Due to Saint Paul's increasing Mexican population, Mexico has opened a foreign consulate in the East Side.[9][10]
There were 112,109 households, out of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9,4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 3.32.
In the city the population was spread out with 27.1% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 93.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $38,774, and the median income for a family was $48,925. Males had a median income of $35,111 versus $29,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,216. About 11.7% of families and 15.6% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 23.2% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] Religion
The majority of residents claiming religious affiliation are Christian, split between the Roman Catholic Church and various Protestant denominations. There are Jewish synagogues and relatively small populations of Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Pagans.[11]
[edit] Government and politics
[edit] City
Saint Paul is governed with a variation of the strong mayor-council form of government.[12] The mayor is the chief executive and chief administrative officer for the city and the seven member city council is the legislative body.[13][14] The mayor is elected from the entire city, while members of the city council are elected from seven different geographic wards, which have approximately equal populations.[15][16]
In addition to the mayor-council system, Saint Paul is governed by a unique neighborhood system. Since 1975, the city has been split up into 17 City Districts, which are then governed by a District Council. The District Councils receive some funding from the city but are otherwise independently run. Most councils have significant power on land use issues.[17]
[edit] State
Saint Paul is the capital of the state of Minnesota. The city hosts the capitol building, designed by Saint Paul resident Cass Gilbert, and the house and senate office buildings. The Minnesota Governor's Residence, which is used for some state functions, is on Summit Avenue. Saint Paul is also the county seat for Ramsey County.
[edit] Federal
Saint Paul is located in Minnesota's 4th congressional district, represented by Betty McCollum, a progressive Democrat, scoring 92% progressive by a progressive group[18] and 4% conservative by a conservative group[19] on a range of issues.
[edit] Education
Saint Paul is second in the United States in the number of higher education institutions per capita.[20] Higher education institutions that call Saint Paul home include three public and eight private colleges and universities, and five post-secondary institutions. Well-known colleges and universities include: the College of Saint Catherine, Concordia University, Hamline University, Macalester College, and the University of St. Thomas. Metropolitan State University and Saint Paul College, which focus on non-traditional students, are based in Saint Paul, as well as two law schools, William Mitchell College of Law and Hamline University School of Law.[21]
The Saint Paul Public Schools district is the state's second largest school district and serves approximately 42,000 students. The district is extremely diverse with students from families speaking 70 different languages, although only four languages are used for most school communication. Those languages are English, Spanish, Hmong and Somali. The district runs 67 different schools including 48 elementary schools, eight middle schools, seven high schools, three alternative schools and one special education school. The district also employs over 6,500 teachers and staff. The school district also oversees community education programs for pre-K and adult learners, including Early Childhood Family Education, GED Diploma, language programs and various learning opportunities for community members of all ages. In 2006, Saint Paul Public Schools celebrated its 150th anniversary.[22]
A variety of K-12 private, parochial and public charter schools are also represented in the city. In 1992, Saint Paul became the first city in the U.S. to sponsor and open a charter school, now found in most states across the nation.[23] Saint Paul is currently home to 21 charter schools as well as 38 private schools.[24]
[edit] Culture
[edit] Performing arts
- Circus Juventas, a youth performing arts circus school
- Ordway Center for the Performing Arts[25]
- RiverCentre, which serves as the city's civic center
- The Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra
- The Fitzgerald Theater
- SteppingStone Theatre
- Park Square Theatre
- Starting Gate Productions
- Minnesota Centennial Showboat
[edit] Live music
- Artists' Quarter, a jazz club in downtown.
- Turf Club, a bar in the Midway.
- Station 4, a bar downtown that has live music every night, mostly metal, and sometimes all-ages shows.
- Shamrocks, an Irish pub on West 7th Street and Randolph Avenue occasionally has live music.
- O'Gara's, an Irish pub on Selby and Snelling has live shows.
- Minnesota Music Cafe is a big venue with nightly live music.
- Dunn Bros. Coffee, on Grand Avenue, features live music 7 nights a week.
[edit] City attractions
.jpg/180px-2004_Winter_Carnival_Ice_Castle_(night).jpg)
Additional attractions include the Mississippi River, Lake Como, the Como Zoo and Conservatory, Rice Park, Indian Mounds Park, Battle Creek Regional Park, Harriet Island Regional Park, Highland Park, the Saint Paul Winter Carnival, the Landmark Center, the Wabasha Street Caves, and the Cathedral of Saint Paul. The historic Landmark Center is located at the heart of Saint Paul; until December 2007 it was home to SteppingStone Theatre, a youth theater company and the Saint Paul Conservatory for Performing Artists, a high school located on the 5th floor of the building which is sponsored by the Ordway.
[edit] Nearby attractions
Nearby attractions include the Minnesota State Fair. The fair is open during the two weeks before and including Labor Day. It takes place in the suburb of Falcon Heights, just north of the Midway neighborhood. Immediately west of the state fairgrounds is the Saint Paul Campus of the University of Minnesota. Historic Fort Snelling lies on the bluff above the confluence of the Minnesota and Mississippi rivers. Just below the bluff is Fort Snelling State Park,[26] which incorporates Pike Island named for the explorer Zebulon Pike. The Henry Hastings Sibley home, in Mendota is the oldest stone home in Minnesota. And Bloomington's Mall of America boasts 520 stores and an indoor amusement park.
[edit] The city's famed creators
Saint Paul is the birthplace of renowned author, F. Scott Fitzgerald, as well as the childhood home of cartoonist Charles M. Schulz (Peanuts) who, while born in a Minneapolis hospital, lived from infancy until the early 1960s in the city. Because of the association with Schulz, Saint Paul regularly has events centering on the Snoopy family, such as distributing painted and decorated giant Peanuts sculptures around the city.
African American civil rights activist and journalist Roy Wilkins (b. 1901 in St. Louis) grew up in his aunt and uncle's house in Saint Paul. Here he was able to attend integrated schools and went on to study at the University of Minnesota, where he earned his B.A. in sociology and minored in journalism and was the night editor of the school paper, the Minnesota Daily, as well as a black weekly, the St. Paul Appeal. During his college years he became a member of the NAACP, where he later served as the assistant executive secretary and succeeded W. E. B. DuBois as editor of its magazine, Crisis[27]. Today Saint Paul remembers him with the Roy Wilkins Auditorium, an entertainment venue located adjacent the RiverCentre.
Playwright August Wilson lived in the city from 1978 until 1990, at the suggestion of his friend, director Claude Purdy, who helped him secure a job writing educational scripts for the Science Museum of Minnesota.
Renowned painter LeRoy Neiman is also a native of Saint Paul and was born there in 1927. Born in Saint Paul, John Vachon photographed the United States for the Farm Security Administration and later Look and Life magazines.[28]
[edit] Museums
|
|
[edit] Economy
[edit] Major employers
Major corporations headquartered in Saint Paul include Travelers, a major insurance firm, St. Jude Medical, a manufacturer of medical devices, Ecolab, a chemical and cleaning product company, Patterson Dental, Securian Financial Group Inc., Lawson Software, a business software and support company, 3M, an international conglomerate, and Gander Mountain, a retailer of sporting goods.
[edit] Media
Residents of Saint Paul can receive 10 broadcast television stations, five of which broadcast from within Saint Paul. One daily newspaper, the St. Paul Pioneer Press, two weekly neighborhood newspapers, the East Side Review and City Pages (Village Voice Media), and several monthly neighborhood papers serve the city. Several media outlets based in neighboring Minneapolis also serve the Saint Paul community, including the Star Tribune. And the magazine, Saint Paul Illustrated is published in Bloomington.
[edit] Sports
The Saint Paul division of Parks and Recreation runs over 1,500 organized sports teams.[30] In addition the Parks and Recreation department is responsible for 160 parks and 41 recreation centers.[31] The first curling club in Saint Paul was founded in 1888. The current club, the Saint Paul Curling Club, was founded in 1912 and is the largest curling club in the United States.[32] The Minnesota RollerGirls are a flat-track roller derby league that is based in the Roy Wilkins Auditorium.
The first baseball team established in Saint Paul were the St. Paul Saints in 1884. They folded in 1899. The all black St. Paul Colored Gophers came to town and played four seasons from 1907 to 1911.[33] The current reincarnation of the St. Paul Saints is an independent baseball team that plays in the American Association. They play in the open air Midway Stadium. Four noted Major League All Star baseball players are natives of Saint Paul -- Hall of Fame outfielder Dave Winfield, Hall of Fame infielder Paul Molitor, pitcher Jack Morris and catcher Joe Mauer.
Two professional soccer teams play in James Griffin Stadium. The Minnesota Thunder plays in the USL First Division and the St. Paul Twin Stars play in the National Premier Soccer League.
The Minnesota Wild brought ice hockey back to Minnesota for the first time since 1993, when the Minnesota North Stars departed for Dallas. Previously, the Minnesota Fighting Saints had played in Saint Paul from 1972 to 1977. The Wild's first season began in 2000 in the new Xcel Energy Center. Another tenant of the Xcel Energy Center is the Minnesota Swarm, a box lacrosse team that plays in the National Lacrosse League. The Xcel Energy Center is located in downtown and was built over the demolished Saint Paul Civic Center. The “X”, as it is sometimes called, hosts the Minnesota high school boys hockey tournament and many concerts though out the year. In 2004, it was named the best overall sports venue in the U.S. by ESPN.[34]
The Minnesota Timberwolves, Twins, and Vikings all play in Minneapolis.
| Professional Sports in Saint Paul | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Club | Sport | League | Venue | Championships |
| Minnesota Ripknees | Basketball | Premier Basketball League | Roy Wilkins Auditorium | |
| Minnesota Swarm | Indoor lacrosse | National Lacrosse League Eastern Division | Xcel Energy Center | |
| Minnesota Thunder | Soccer | United Soccer Leagues First Division | James Griffin Stadium | |
| Minnesota Wild | Ice Hockey | National Hockey League Western Conference | Xcel Energy Center | |
| Saint Paul Saints | Baseball | American Association North League | Midway Stadium | Northern League Championship: 1993, 1995, 1996, 2004 |
| St. Paul Twin Stars | Soccer | National Premier Soccer League Midwest Conference | James Griffin Stadium | |
[edit] Transportation
[edit] Ground
Half of Minneapolis-Saint Paul residents work in the city where they live.[35] Most of the citizens of Saint Paul utilize a car to move throughout the region, although the bus system, provided by Metro Transit, is also used by many. Metro Transit operates the Hiawatha Line, a light rail transit system, which connects downtown Minneapolis with the Mall of America. It serves Saint Paul via coordinated buses from the train stations. The Central Corridor, which would connect downtown Minneapolis to downtown Saint Paul via University Avenue is expected to be completed in 2014.[36]
Five miles (8 km) of enclosed pedestrian bridges called skyways link over twenty-five city blocks downtown. This allows pedestrians to walk from one building to another without going outside.[37] Another mode of transportation gaining popularity in Saint Paul is biking, especially with the advent of additional bike lanes throughout the city and the metropolitan area. Bike trails interconnect with those of Minneapolis and other neighboring cities and Metro Transit buses feature bike racks for combination commuters.[38]
The layout of streets around downtown Saint Paul has often drawn complaints. Jesse Ventura famously brought up the city's roadways during an appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman in his days as Governor of Minnesota.[39] Ventura later apologized for his remark that the streets had been designed by "drunken Irishmen," although people had already been complaining about the fractured grid system for more than a century by that point.[40] Some of the city road design is the result of the curve of the Mississippi River, hilly topography, conflicts between developers of different neighborhoods in the early city, and grand plans only half-realized. Outside of downtown, the roads are less confusing, but most roads are named, rather than numbered, increasing the difficulty for non-natives to navigate.[41] Due to neighborhood autonomy, some roads suddenly change names without warning. Minneapolitans, used to numbered cross streets, and alphabetized north–south streets, are frequent complainers.
Interstate Highways that serve the city are Interstate 35E running N-S, and Interstate 94 running E-W. Other freeways within the city limits include U.S. Highway 52, Minnesota State Highway 280, and Minnesota State Highway 5.
Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle stops once daily in each direction at nearby Midway Station.[42]
- See also: Midway (Amtrak station)
[edit] Air
Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP) sits on 3,400 acres (14 km²) [43] southwest of the city between Minnesota State Highway 5, Interstate 494, Minnesota State Highway 77, and Minnesota State Highway 62. The airport serves three international, twelve domestic, seven charter and four regional carriers[44] and is a hub and home base for Northwest Airlines, Mesaba Airlines, Sun Country Airlines and Champion Air.[45] Saint Paul is also served by the St. Paul Downtown Airport located just south from downtown, across the Mississippi River . The airport, which is often referred to as Holman Field, is a reliever airport, run by the Metropolitan Airports Commission. The airport houses Minnesota's Air National Guard and is used extensively by local corporations.[46]
Sister cities
Saint Paul has 11 sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:
|
[edit] References
- ^ a b c Trimble, Steve (July 2, 2000). A SHORT HISTORY OF INDIAN MOUNDS PARK. Neighborhood Pride Celebration. daytonsbluff.org. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
- ^ Indian Mounds Park. Mississippi National River and recreation Area. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
- ^ a b c Gilman, Rhonda R. (1989). The Story of Minnesota's Past. Saint Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 99-104. ISBN 0-87351-267-7.
- ^ Joe Rolette, Fur Trader and Legislator. Trolley Namesakes. The city of St. Paul. Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
- ^ Mary Lethert Wingerd. Separated at Birth: The Sibling Rivalry of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Organization of American Historians. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
- ^ [1]
- ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- ^ Hmong Resettlement Revisited. Bridging Refugee Youth and Children’s Services (June 2004). Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
- ^ Saint Paul Ethnic Population Growth. City of Saint Paul. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.
- ^ Toness, Bianca Vazquez (2005-05-24). Mexican consulate opens in June. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.
- ^ American Religious Identification Survey. Exhibit 15. The Graduate Center, City University of New York. Retrieved on 2006-11-24.
- ^ Description of Saint Paul's Form of Government (pdf). 2008 Mayor’s Proposed Budget. City of Saint Paul. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
- ^ Sec. 2.01. Chief executive.. Administrative Code. City of Saint Paul. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
- ^ Sec. 4.01. Legislative power.. Saint Paul City Charter. City of Saint Paul. Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
- ^ Sec. 2.01. Elective officials.. Saint Paul City Charter. City of Saint Paul. Retrieved on 2007-11-11.
- ^ Sec. 4.01.2. Initial districts.. Saint Paul City Charter. City of Saint Paul. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
- ^ Saint Paul Participation. Citizen Participation Project Case Studies. Citizen Participation Project. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
- ^ Grossman, Joshua. ProgressivePunch Leading with the Left. All Issues. ProgressivePunch. Retrieved on 2006-11-02.
- ^ ACU Ratings of Congress, 2006. American Conservative Union (2006). Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
- ^ El Nasser, Haya (2004-04-11). Most livable? Depends on your definition. USA TODAY. Retrieved on 2007-10-16.
- ^ Post-Secondary Schools. Minnesota Department of Education (2005). Retrieved on 2007-03-24.
- ^ Saint Paul Public Schools. About Us. Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ Charter School Facts. MN Association of Charter Schools. Retrieved on 2007-11-06.
- ^ Minnesota Department of Education (2005). Alphabetical List of Nonpublic Schools. and Charter Schools (2005). Retrieved on 2007-06-08.
- ^ Ordway Center for the Performing Arts. Ordway Center for the Performing Arts (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
- ^ Fort Snelling State Park. Minnesota DNR (2006). Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
- ^ African American Registry - Your Source for African American History
- ^ John Vachon: A Register of His Papers in the Library of Congress. Manuscript Division, Library of Congress (2006). Retrieved on 2007-10-10.
- ^ St. Paul Culture:Museums. M.R. Danielson Advertising Associates (2002). Retrieved on 2006-12-07.
- ^ Schulman, Andrew. St. Paul takes SI Sportstown Honors for the Land of 10,000 Lakes. Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Havens, Chris (2007-10-31), “In St. Paul, they're passionate about parks”, Star Tribune: AA1, ISSN 0895-2825, <http://www.startribune.com/10242/story/1518765.html>. Retrieved on 4 November 2007
- ^ About the St. Paul Curling Club. Saint Paul Curling Club.
- ^ Sheldon, Mark (2003-02-07). Colored Gophers made history. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ About Xcel Energy Center. Minnesota Twins. Retrieved on 2007-10-30.
- ^ Minneapolis/St. Paul in Focus: A Profile from Census 2000 (PDF). Brookings Institution, Living Cities Census Series (2003). Retrieved on 2007-04-08.
- ^ Central Corridor next steps and timeline. Metropolitan Council (April 2, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-11.
- ^ How do I get around?. Saint Paul RiverCentre Convention & Visitors Authority. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. and Gill, N.S.. Skyways: Downtown Minneapolis and St. Paul Skyways. About.com. About, Inc., The New York Times Company. Retrieved on 2007-09-15.
- ^ Bike-n-Ride by bus. Metro Transit. Retrieved on 2007-09-20.
- ^ Khoo, Michael (2002-12-15). The days of Jesse. Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ Gov. Ventura Stumbles. New York Times (1999-02-06). Retrieved on 2007-09-16.
- ^ L. Empson, Donald (2006). The Street Where You Live. University of Minnesota Press page, XVII. ISBN 0-8166-4729-1. ISBN 978-0-8166-4729-3.
- ^ St. Paul-Minneapolis, MN (MSP). Amtrak. Retrieved on 2007-04-26.
- ^ History and Mission. Metropolitan Airports Commission. Retrieved on 2007-06-27.
- ^ A History of Minneapolis: Air Transportation. Minneapolis Public Library (mpls.lib.mn.us) (2001). Retrieved on 2007-02-12.
- ^ Pilot Groups. Air Line Pilots Association. Retrieved on 2007-03-15.
- ^ St. Paul Downtown Airport. Metropolitan Airports Commission. Retrieved on 2007-11-19.
[edit] External links
| Find more about Saint Paul, Minnesota on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
|---|---|
 |
Dictionary definitions |
 |
Textbooks |
 |
Quotations |
 |
Source texts |
 |
Images and media |
 |
News stories |
 |
Learning resources |
- City of Saint Paul -- Official site
- Official Tourism site -- Visitor Information
- Saint Paul Public Library site
- City of Saint Paul - Department of Parks and Recreation, a list of city parks, programming, recreation centers, opening hours and other information.
- Saint Paul E-Democracy discussion list
- Saint Paul Photo Blog
- Saint Paul, Minnesota is at coordinates Coordinates:
|
||||||||||||||
|
|||||
|
|||||
