Saint Justinus' church, Frankfurt-Höchst
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The Carolingian Saint Justinus' church, Frankfurt-Höchst is the oldest building in Frankfurt-Main and one of the oldest in Germany.
The Catholic basilica originates from around 830, and the late gothic chancel was built from 1441. The church stands at the east of the old part of the town, looking over the Main.
On the one hand, St. Justinus is important for its stonework (the Carolingian capitals and the late gothic north doorway), and on the other hand, it is important as being one of the few nearly completely surviving early medieval churches - which has been continuously used for around 1150 years.
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[edit] History of the church
The history of the church is closely connected with the city of Höchst founded in the 8th century as a daughter city of Mainz. The first well known documentary evidence of the city dates from 790.
Archbishop Otgar of Mainz (826-847) established the Confessor Justinus church in Höchst, and his successor, Rabanus Maurus, made the final consecration in around 850. It first served as a parish church. The relics of St. Justinus were brought into the new church, where they remained for about 450 years.
A synod of Mainz was held at the church in 1024, and in 1090 it became a Benedictine monastic church of St. Alban, Mainz, as well as a parish church. In 1298 the relics of St. Justinus were transferred, and the church consecrated to St. Margaret, though the dedication to St. Justinus remains to this day.
In 1441 it became an Antoniter monastic church, because since 1419 it was only used as a parish church. The Antoniter order built the late gothic chancel and made numerous alterations. It ceased to be a monastic church in 1802.
St. Justinus was restored in the 1930s and 1980s and today belongs to the parish of St. Josef in Frankfurt district, diocese of Limburg.
[edit] The Carolingian basilica
The original church was a six-bay basilica with three sanctuaries and apses at the east end. The entrance was originally at the west end of the central nave, but is now on the north side of the church at the northern sanctuary. The aisle windows have been replaced, and late gothic chapels were added on the north side. Also the apses were removed following the alterations.
The remainder of the Carolingian work is however intact: the two other sanctuaries, the central nave with small round-arched clerestory windows, the flat ceiling, the aisles, and at the top of the two sets of five columns - Corinthian capitals, which belong to the most important works of Carolingian art.
[edit] Late gothic additions
Up to the end of the affiliation with the Benedictine monastery of St. Alban in 1419, the church had hardly changed structurally. In the 1420s the southern Carolingian sanctuary was replaced by a gothic Holy Cross chapel, in the place of today's vestry. To the northern aisle, three further chapels were added.
[edit] The high choir (chancel)
In 1441, the rules of the Augustinian choir master, under the Antoniter order, required a larger choir, and so a high choir (chancel) was built with a polygonal apsidal end and seven windows. The chancel was clearly higher than the original basilica, and this contrast is certainly visible today. The original vaulting in the chancel had to be taken down in 1523 due to danger of collapse, and is now replaced with a flat ceiling.
Due to the change in position of the entrance, a richly decorated pointed-arch north doorway was built in around 1442, which is flanked by statues of Paul of Thebes and Anthony the Great.
Construction which commenced in 1441 are the works of the so called Frankfurt school, under the master builder Madern Gerthener. The most important builder in Höchst was Steffan von Irlebach, son-in-law of Gerthener, as well as the stonemason Peter Wale, who worked with Gerthener on the cathedral tower, Frankfurt.
[edit] References
Taken from the German Wikipedia article Justinuskirche
- References cited in the German Wikipedia article Justinuskirche:
- Metternich, Wolfgang: Justinuskirche Frankfurt/Höchst. Schnell Kunstführer Nr. 1215, München/Zürich 1980.
- Metternich, Wolfgang: Die Justinuskirche in Frankfurt am Main. Ein Bauwerk von nationaler Bedeutung. Verlag Waldemar Kramer, Frankfurt am Main, 1987,
- Haberland, Ernst-Dietrich: Madern Gerthener "der stadt franckenfurd werkmeister". Baumeister und Bildhauer der Spätgotik. Knecht, Frankfurt 1992.
- Prestel Städteführer Frankfurt am Main, München 1990.
[edit] External links (German)
- Church of St. Josef
- St. Justinus' church
- Detailed representation St. Justinus' church with photos, sketches, historical reconstruction and bibliography.
- 360°-panorama of St. Justinus
