Rybinsk

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 58°3′N 38°50′E / 58.05, 38.833

For the aerospace propulsion manufacturer formerly known as Rybinsk, see NPO Saturn.
Downtown and cathedral in the 19th century
Downtown and cathedral in the 19th century

Rybinsk (Russian: Ры́бинск) is the second largest city of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia. It lies at the confluence of the Volga and Sheksna rivers. Population: 213,000 (2007 est.);[citation needed] 222,653 (2002 Census);[1] 251,442 (1989 Census).[2] It is served by Rybinsk Staroselye airport.

Contents

[edit] Early history

Rybinsk is one of the oldest Slavic settlements on the Volga River. The place was first noticed by chroniclers in 1071 as Ust-Sheksna, i.e. "the mouth of the Sheksna". For the next four centuries, the settlement was referred to alternatively as Ust-Sheksna or Rybansk. Since 1504, it was mentioned in documents as Rybnaya Sloboda (literally: "the fishing village"). The name is explained by the fact that the settlement supplied the Muscovite court with choice sturgeons and sterlets.

General view of Rybinsk in the 1820s.
General view of Rybinsk in the 1820s.

In the 17th century, when the sloboda was capitalizing on the trade of the Muscovy Company with Western Europe, it was rich enough to build several stone churches, of which only one survives to the present. More old architecture may be found in the neighbourhood, including the very last of Muscovite three-tented churches (in the Alexandrov Hermitage) and the Ushakov family shrine (on the Epiphany Island).

[edit] Golden age

A 19th-century photo of a monastery near Rybinsk, now submerged under the waters of the Rybinsk Reservoir
A 19th-century photo of a monastery near Rybinsk, now submerged under the waters of the Rybinsk Reservoir

In the 18th century, the sloboda continued to thrive on the Volga trade. Catherine II granted Rybnaya Sloboda municipal rights and renamed it into the town of Rybinsk. It was a place where the cargo was reloaded from large Volga vessels to smaller boats capable of navigating in the shallow Mariinsk Canal system, which connects the Russian hinterland with the Baltic Sea. With the population of 7,000, the town of Rybinsk daily accommodated up to 170,000 sailors and up to 2,000 river vessels. Consequently, the local river port became known as the "capital of barge-haulers".

The town's most conspicuous landmark, the Neoclassical Saviour-Transfuguration Cathedral, was constructed on the Volga riverside from 1838 until 1851. It was built to a design that the President of the Imperial Academy of Arts, Avraam Melnikov, had prepared for Saint Isaac's Cathedral in St Petersburg. After Melnikov lost the contest for the best project of St Isaac's Cathedral to Auguste de Montferrand, he sold his grandiose design to the municipal authorities of Rybinsk.

Grain bourse in Rybinsk. For a more recent picture, click here.
Grain bourse in Rybinsk. For a more recent picture, click here.

As a trade capital of the Upper Volga, Rybinsk formerly attracted scores of foreigners, who built a Lutheran church and an imposing Roman Catholic cathedral, said to be the tallest on the Volga. There is also the Nobel Family Museum, documenting the operations of that illustrious Swedish family in Imperial Russia. Early film moguls Nicholas Schenck and Joseph Schenck were born in the town, and there is a grand 18th-century mansion of the Mikhalkov family, whose living members include Sergey Mikhalkov, Nikita Mikhalkov, and Andron Konchalovsky.

[edit] 20th century

Modern statue of a burlak
Modern statue of a burlak

In the Soviet years, Rybinsk continued its impressive record of renamings, for it changed its name four times: to Shcherbakov (after Aleksandr Shcherbakov) in 1946, back to Rybinsk in 1957, to Andropov (after Yuri Andropov) in 1984, and back to Rybinsk in 1989.

The most important industries of modern Rybinsk are aircraft engine manufacturing and a hydroelectric power station. As the experts warn, the giant Rybinsk dam, which holds the Rybinsk Reservoir (formerly touted as the largest man-made body of water on Earth) places the town in the imminent danger of the dam breaking and the reservoir flooding the city.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] References

  1. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000) (Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  2. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.) (Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics (1989). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.

[edit] External links

v • d • e
Cities and towns in Yaroslavl Oblast
Administrative center: Yaroslavl
Coat of arms of Yaroslavl Oblast Flag of Yaroslavl Oblast
v • d • e
Golden Ring of Russia
Coat of arms of Russia