Rudolf Brun
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Rudolf Brun (1290s - 17 September 1360) was the leader of the Zürich guilds' revolution of 1336, and the city's first independent mayor.
Since 1234, Zürich had been governed by an aristocratic council, composed to one third by members of the nobility and to two thirds by the city's patriciate, mainly consisting of influential merchants. The city's mayor was appointed from among these by the abbess of the influential Fraumünster.
Rudolf was the son of Jakob Brun, a member of the city council, and of Mechthild. He was married to Margaretha Fütschi, daughter of Ulrich, another councillor. Rudolf was himself a member of the council from 1332 to 1336.
Brun overthrew the former city council with the help of the city's craftsmen in June, 1336. According to the new constitution, the council was now composed of 26 members, of which 13 were of the Konstaffel, consisting of the former patriciate; at least seven of these were required to hold knighthood. The remaining 13 councillors were the guild masters of the city's 13 guilds (Zünfte). In this sense, Brun's reform was not so much a revolution as the creation of a balance of power between the patriciate and the guilds.
Brun reserved for himself the title of mayor for life, and he dominated the council until his death in 1360.
In 1337, Brun defeated his political opponents, who had retreated to Rapperswil, at the battle of Grinau. An attempted coup by the aristocratic opposition was forcefully put down in 1350. Zürich under Brun joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1351.
A result of Brun's revolution was a decrease of the influence of the city's two monasteries, the Grossmünster and the Fraumünster, which had dominated Zürich throughout the Middle Ages. The Fraumünster abbesses, traditionally women of the highest nobility, did retain considerable political influence, however, and the process was only completed with Huldrych Zwingli's reformation in the 1520s, in the course of which the monasteries were shut down.
[edit] Literature
- A. Largiadèr, Bürgermeister R. Brun und die Zürcher Revolution von 1336 (1936)
