Royalist (Spanish American Revolutions)

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The Royalists were the American and European supporters of the King of Spain, Ferdinand VII of Spain, during the Spanish American Wars of Independence, between 1808-1829.

Contents

[edit] Flags and Ensign

Banner of Spanish Monarchy.
Banner of Spanish Monarchy.
Flags of the Fleet and Spanish Fortress.
Flags of the Fleet and Spanish Fortress.
Flags of Foot Regiments of Royalist Army. Por la Religión, la Patria y el Rey. Viva Fernando VII[1]
Flags of Foot Regiments of Royalist Army.
Por la Religión, la Patria y el Rey. Viva Fernando VII[1]


[edit] Royalist Leaders

Royalist leaders

Río de la Plata & Montevideo Bajo y Alto Perú Chile Quito Venezuela & Nueva Granada Nueva España, Cuba & Puerto rico
  • Francisco Javier de Elío
  • Gaspar de Vigodet
  • Diego de Sousa, Capitan General del Imperio del Brasil
  • Santiago de Liniers y Bremond
  • Vicente Nieto, Presidente de Charcas

[edit] Naval and Last Fortress

Contra-revolutionary Navy

Río de la Plata and Pacific Ocean Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea 
Commanders
José María Salazar
José Angel Michelena
Jacinto Romarate
Joaquín de Rocalan
Tomas Blanco Cabreras
Dionisio Capaz [5]
Antonio Vacaro
Roque Guruceta
  • Montevideo, to Jun,20 1814
  • Guayaquil
  • El Callao
  • Talcahuano
  • Chiloé
 
Commanders
Pascual Enrile
Jose María Chacon
Ángel Laborde
José Guerrero
  • Puerto Cabello
  • San Juan de Ulua Veracruz

[edit] Royalist army evolution

There are two Types of units:

  • Expeditionary: units created in Europe, in Spain.
  • Militia: units created in the Americas, 100% by Hispanic American soldier. They could be veteran units (Disciplined Militia).

Units created in Europe

( in Spanish:Expedicionarios).The European form only 10% of the royalist army, and only a half of the expeditionary units. Each European soldier loss was substituted by a Hispanic American soldier. Then, along the time, more Hispanic American soldiers form the expeditionary units (theoretically European). For expample Pablo Morillo commander in chief in Venezuela say that he have only 2.000 European soldiers, in other words only 50% of soldiers of the the expeditionary units was European. Along the time there was less European soldiers, in the battle of Maipu only 25% was European soldiers, in Carabobo 20% , in Ayacucho less than 1% was European.

Units created in Americas

(in Spanish:Milicia).About Militia, they could be Veteran units ( called Disciplined Militia), and they are a reflex of the race of the local population. On 1820, the Hispanic American of the royalist army in Venezuela was:
  • 843 -->White (blanco)
  • 5.378 -->Castas (mestizo and negroe)
  • 980 -->Indian
Royalist army
Royalist army
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