Rockaway Beach, California

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Southern portion of Rockaway Beach

Rockaway Beach is a shoreline area of the Pacific Ocean in the southern portion of Pacifica, California approximately seven miles south of the city of San Francisco. The beach is noted for its scenic vista, easy access to Highway 1, and restaurant and shopping venues. Rockaway beach is located within a gently curving embayment with direct access via Rockaway Beach Avenue.

1 History
2 Natural Features
3 Developed area
4 Bibliography
5 References
6 External links

[edit] History

There are no known prehistoric remains in Rockaway Beach itself; however, the site of the Ohlone Native American village site of Timigtac^[1] is located about a half mile away on Calera Creek, immediately to the east of Rockaway Beach by State Route 1.

The Rockaway beach area has played a role in local history since the arrival of the Portola Expedition, the Spanish explorers credited with discovery of the San Francisco Bay. As early as 1776 limestone was quarried in the Rockaway Beach lime pits for use to whitewash the newly built the Presidio of San Francisco . More recent investigations suggest that early settlements in San Pedro Valley also used this limestone for their foundations. In 1907 the Rockaway Beach quarry was established as a continuously operating commercial entity known as the Stone Brothers. After construction of the Ocean Shore Railroad in 1907, limestone from this quarry was conveyed to assist rebuilding of San Francisco after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Quarry materials were actually used as ballast for the trackbed of the railroad; moreover, after completion of the railroad, Rockaway Beach was considered a suburb of San Francisco due to convenient access. This all changed after legal problems arising from landslide repair bankrupted the railroad in 1921.

Highway 1 was completed from Montara to Rockaway Beach in 1938, reopening the local area again to easy northern access. Horace Hill operated the quarry from the early 1940s to 1953, along with a profitable sand dredging business on the quarry's backside. Ideal Cement took over the quarry operation at that time and owned it until 1971. Later operators were Rhodes and Jamison and Quarry Products.

[edit] Natural Features

The coastal bluffs have verticality as steep as 60 percent, while some of the quarry sufaces are totally sheer. The limstone beds within the quarry are hard and fresh with close to widely spaced fractures. Some of these beds are underlain by greenstone, an altered volcanic rock that becomes less weathered with depth. The eastern portion of the quarry area is underlain by alluvial terrace deposits. The beach littoral zone is underlain by Holocene age beach sand, and the upper sands vary in depth by season, depending on the surf scouring of beach sands in the winter and the gradual rebuilding of sands in the summer.

The beach and headlands are comprised mostly of California coastal prairie and Northern coastal scrub, while the riparian area of Calera Creek presents the most important upland habitat of the area. Although the beach and headlands area are the least disturbed natural areas of the Rockaway Beach area, they are used moderately as recreation spots. Vegetation is sparse on the beach with occurrences of Succulent sea fig, Hottentot fig and Fat hen in the sandy areas. Further in from the beach are found California poppies, Sand verbena and Bush lupines. The near littoral elevation gradually increases toward the north until it reaches a headland peak of 175 feet.

Habitat on the headland east facing slope is Northern coastal scrub boasts considerable Prostrate coyote brush, Bush monkey flower and further colonies of Bush lupine. A gamut of coastal wildflowers inhabit the headland slopes; besides California poppy are found Goldenasters, Douglas Iris and many other species. The steep bluff faces host plants that are tolerant of wind and sea salt mist, including Silver beachweed, Sea rockets and extensive patches of Yarrow.

North of the developed area of Rockaway Beach is a hidden quarry, whose habitat is severely disturbed. Rip-rap boulders protect the developed area from marine erosion. Near Calera creek there is aquatic vegetation including rushes, bullrushes, horsetail, fat hen and plantain. This quarry area hosts a surprising number of amphibians, reptiles, small mammals and a variety of birdlife. Avafauna sighted here include herons, egrets, California Least Terns as well as red-winged blackbird. The headland cliffs within the quarry provide nesting sites for bank swallows, pelagic cormorants and Brandt's cormorants. Three endangered species are found proximate to Rockaway Beach: the San Francisco garter snake, the San Bruno elfin butterfly, and the Red-legged Frog. These last two are found within the quarry property, the Red-legged Frog is a critical food source for the San Francisco Garter Snake which is known to exist on the Mori Point National Park property immediately adjacent to the north.

[edit] Developed area

Hugging the coast at the center of Rockaway Beach is a cluster of restaurants and shops, the oldest of which is a Pacifica landmark, Nick's Seafood Restaurant. Another restaurant, historically the romantic Moonraker, now Ristorante Portofino, holds nighttime views over the illuminated waves of the Pacific crashing at the restaurant foundation bulwarks. Newer shops nestle behind the Moonraker, many a product of the redevelopment plan developed by the city in 1986.

[edit] Bibliography

Curtis Alling, Phyllis Potter, et al., Environmental Impact Report for the West Rockaway Beach Redevelopment Plan, prepared for City of Pacifica by Earth Metrics Inc., Burlingame, California, March, 1986

General Plan, city of Pacifica (1980)

Pacifica Quarry Reclamation Plan, Martin Carpenter Associates (1983)

Phyllis M. Faber, Common Wetland Plants of Coastal California

Geoloogic Map of Unconsolidated and Moderately Consolidated Deposits of San Mateo County, California, U.S. Geological Survey, Field Studies Map MF-575 (1974)