Robert Kilwardby
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| Robert Kilwardby | |
| Archbishop of Canterbury | |
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| Enthroned | {{{began}}} |
|---|---|
| Ended | March 12, 1278 |
| Predecessor | William Chillenden |
| Successor | Robert Burnell |
| Consecration | February 26, 1273 |
| Born | c. 1215 |
| Died | September 11, 1279 |
Robert Kilwardby (c. 1215 – 11 September 1279) was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and a cardinal.
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[edit] Life
He studied at the University of Paris, where he soon became famous as a teacher of grammar and logic. He then joined the Dominican Order and turning his attention to theology,[1] and became regent at Oxford University before 1261,[2] probably by 1245.[3] He was chosen provincial prior of his order in England in 1261,[4] and in October 1272 Pope Gregory X terminated a dispute over the vacant archbishopric of Canterbury by appointing Kilwardby. He was provided to the archbishopric on October 11, 1272, given the temporalities on December 12, 1272, and consecrated on February 26, 1273.[5]
Although the new archbishop crowned Edward I and his queen Eleanor in August 1274, he took little part in business of state, but was energetic in discharging the spiritual duties of his office. He was charitable to the poor, and showed liberality to the Dominicans.[6]
In 1278 Pope Nicholas III made him Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina; he resigned his archbishopric and left England,[5] carrying with him the registers and other books and belonging to the see of Canterbury. He also left the see deep in debt again, after his predecessor had cleared the debt.[7] He died in Italy the following year. While in theory this was a promotion, probably it was not, as the pope was unhappy with Kilwardy's support of efforts to resist the payment of papal revenues and with the lack of effort towards the reforms demanded at the Council of Lyons in 1274.[8]
Kilwardby was the first member of a mendicant order to attain a high position in the English Church. Among his numerous writings, which became very popular among students, are De ortu scientiarum, De tempore, De Universali, and some commentaries on Aristotle.
De tempore has been translated and edited by Alexander Broadie recently, and published as On Time and Imagination, Part 2: Introduction and Translation (Oxford University Press, 1993), ISBN 0-19-726121-3. (Part 1 is the original text.)
His theological and philosophical views were summed up by David Knowles who said that he was a "conservative eclectic, holding the doctrine of seminal tendencies and opposing...the Aristotelian doctrine of the unity of form in beings, including man."[9] Some sources state that he was the author of Summa Philosophiae, a history and description of the schools of philosophical thought then current, but the writing style is not similar to his other works, and Knowles, for one, does not believe it was authored by Kilwardby.[10]
[edit] Notes
- ^ Lawrence "The Thirteenth Century" in Lawrence (ed.) The English Church & the Papacy in the Middle Ages p. 146
- ^ Knowles The Evolution of Medieval Thought p. 288
- ^ Leff Paris and Oxford Universities p. 290-293
- ^ British History Online Archbishops of Canterbury accessed on September 11, 2007
- ^ a b Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 233
- ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 371
- ^ Moorman Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century p. 173
- ^ Prestwich Edward I p. 249
- ^ Knowles The Evolution of Medieval Thought p. 249
- ^ Knowles The Evolution of Medieval Thought p. 287
[edit] References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The article is available here: Robert Kilwardby at Love to Know
- British History Online Archbishops of Canterbury accessed on September 11, 2007
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology, Third Edition, revised, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Hook, W. F., Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. iii. (London, 1860—1876)
- Knowles, Dom David The Evolution of Medieval Thought London:Longmans 1962
- Lawrence, C. H. ed. The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages Stroud:Sutton Publishing reprint 1999 ISBN 0-7509-1947-7
- Lawrence, C. H. "The Thirteenth Century" in Lawrence, C. H. ed. The English Church and the Papacy in the Middle Ages Stroud:Sutton Publishing reprint 1999 ISBN 0-7509-1947-7
- Leff, Gordon Paris and Oxford Universities in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries: An Institutional and Intellectual History Huntingdon, NY: Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company 1975 ISBN 0-88275-297-9
- Moorman, John R. H. Church Life in England in the Thirteenth Century Revised Edition Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 1955
- Quétif, J. and J. Echard, Scriptores ordinis Predicatorum (Paris, 1719—1721)
- Prestwich, Michael Edward I New Haven:Yale University Press 1997 ISBN 0-300-07157-4
- Trevet, Nicholas, Annales sex regum Angliae, edited by T. Hog (London, 1845)
[edit] External links
| Roman Catholic Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Boniface of Savoy (William Chillenden chosen but set aside by the Pope) |
Archbishop of Canterbury 1273–1278 |
Succeeded by Robert Burnell |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kilwardy, Robert |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Archbishop of Canterbury; Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Rufina |
| DATE OF BIRTH | about 1215 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | |
| DATE OF DEATH | September 11, 1279 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |
