Robert Cooper Grier

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Robert Cooper Grier
Robert Cooper Grier

In office
August 10, 1846 – January 31, 1870
Nominated by James K. Polk
Preceded by Henry Baldwin
Succeeded by Edwin M. Stanton

Born March 5, 1794(1794-03-05)
Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
Died September 25, 1870 (aged 76)
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Robert Cooper Grier (March 5, 1794-September 25, 1870), was an American jurist who served on the Supreme Court of the United States.

Grier was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania to a Presbyterian minister, who tutored him until he entered Dickinson College. Grier graduated from Dickinson in only one year, and remained there as an instructor until taking a position at a school his father ran. He succeeded his father as headmaster in 1815.

While a teacher, Grier read law on his own time, and passed the bar in 1817, at which time he entered private practice. Grier married Isabelle Rose in 1829 and the couple had one child.

Grier was a political organizer for the Jacksonian Democrats, and in 1833 Grier was given a patronage appointment to a judgeship on the Pennsylvania state District Court for Allegheny County, newly created for him. He served there for 13 years, developing a reputation for competence.

U.S. Supreme Court Justice Henry Baldwin died in 1844 during the administration of President Tyler. Tyler made two attempted appointments to the seat, Edward King and John M. Read, both rejected, and seat remained open when James K. Polk ascended to the presidency. Polk also made two nominations, one of whom refused the appointment, future President James Buchanan, and one of whom was not confirmed by the Senate, George Washington Woodward. Polk finally nominated Grier, plucking him from relative obscurity. Grier was unanimously approved by the Senate, and joined a fellow Dickinson alumnus, Roger Brooke Taney, on the Court.

Grier served on the court until 1870, at which point he was quite frail, having suffered three strokes in 1867. His participation on the court was extremely limited by the end of his term, and he retired only after his colleagues pressed him to do so. He died a year later.

Grier was the lone northerner to side with the majority in the Dred Scott decision, though after the outbreak of the Civil War he supported the Union. Grier also wrote the opinion on the Prize Cases, which declared Lincoln's blockade of Southern ports constitutional. He is buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

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Data drawn in part from the Supreme Court Historical Society and Oyez.

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Legal offices
Preceded by
Henry Baldwin
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
August 10, 1846January 31, 1870
Succeeded by
William Strong