Robert Capellanus

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Robert (I.)
Senior posting

Denomination	Roman Catholic Church
See	Diocese of Ross
Title	Bishop of Ross
Period in office	1214–1249
Consecration	February 17 × July 7, 1215
Predecessor	Andreas de Moravia / Reinald Macer
Successor	Robert (II.)
Religious career
Previous post	Royal Chaplain
Personal
Date of birth	unknown
Place of birth	unknown
Date of death	c. 1249

Robert Capellanus ("Robert the Chaplain"; d. c. 1249), was a chaplain of King William I of Scotland and afterwards, Bishop of Ross (1214-1249).

On February 25, 1213, he witnessed a confirmation of the properties of Arbroath Abbey as Roberto Capellano domini regis, "Robert Chaplain of the lord king".^[1] King William had had another chaplain called Robert who became Archdeacon of Glasgow 1195 × 1196, but although neither used surnames, it is certain that they were not the same men.^[2] It would probably be possible to know more about Robert if he had used a surname, but as it happens his details are lost in the those large number of Norman and Anglo-Norman incomers in William's reign using that name.^[3]

After reporting the death of the previous Bishop of Ross, Reinald Macer, the Chronicle of Melrose related that:

electus est magister Andreas de Mureuia, qui renuens episcopari, quesita licencia a dompno papa, tante dignitatis honorem humiliter resignavit; loco cujus subrogatur Robertus capellanus domini W[illelmi] regis Scottorum. master Andreas de Mureuia was elected: but refusing to be bishop, he sought permission from the lord pope, and humbly resigned the honour of so great a dignity. Robert, the chaplain of the lord William, king of the Scots, was put in his place. ^[4]

Andreas de Moravia's refusal to accept his own election had led thus to the elevation of the king's chaplain. This election occurred before the death of King William on December 4, 1214.^[5] Robert's name occurred as "bishop-elect" on February 17, 1215, but he is a consecrated bishop by July 7, meaning he had received consecration between these respective dates.^[6]

Robert appeared on various documents during the reign of King Alexander II of Scotland; he appeared on March 30, 1226, again on February 1, 1227, and on June 30, 1228.^[7] Pope Gregory IX issued, May 29, 1235, Robert the authority to increase the number of cathedral prebends, augment existing prebends and expand his cathedral.^[8] This mandate was repeated, in an expanded form, in 1256, for his successor. According to Professor Donald Watt, it may have been this bishop rather than Robert II whom Bower remembered as the builder of Ross cathedral.^[6] Robert Capellanus appears to have died in 1249.^[6]

[edit] Notes

^ Barrow (ed.), Acts of William I, no. 513, at p. 465.
^ Barrow (ed.), Acts of William I, p. 32; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 171.
^ See, for instance, Barrow (ed.), Acts of William I, p. 527.
^ Stevenson (ed.), Chronica de Mailros, pp. 113-4, trs. Anderson, Early Sources, vol. ii, p. 394.
^ Dowden, Bishops, p. 211; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 266.
^ ^a ^b ^c Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 266.
^ Dowden, Bishops, p. 211.
^ Anderson, vol. ii, p. 394, n. 3; Watt, Fasti Ecclesiae, p. 266.

[edit] References

Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History, 2 vols, (Edinburgh, 1922)
Barrow, G. W. S. (ed.), The Acts of William I (Regesta Regum Scottorum vol. ii), (Edinburgh, 1971)
Dowden, John, The Bishops of Scotland, ed. J. Maitland Thomson, (Glasgow, 1912)
Stevenson, Joseph (ed.), Chronica de Mailros; E Codice Unico in Biblioteca Cottoniana Servato, Nunc Iterum in Lucem Edita. Notulis Indiceque Aucta., (Edinburgh, 1835)
Watt, D. E. R., Fasti Ecclesiae Scotinanae Medii Aevi ad annum 1638, 2nd Draft, (St Andrews, 1969)